unit 3 outcome 1 Flashcards
what is a skill
A skill is a voluntary goal-directed activity which requires the movement of limbs or the entire body to achieve a specific objective.
what is a motor skill
Motor skills are activities or tastes that require voluntary head, body and/or limb movement to achieve a goal.
classifying skills 3
- movement precision
- type of movement
- predicatibility of environment
movement precision - 2 types with examples
gross skill
Actions that recruit large muscle groups to exert a great amount of force in a smooth and coordinated motion.
fine skill
Actions that recruit small muscle groups to exert small amounts of force in a precise and delicate manner.
3 types of movement with examples
- Discrete motor skills have an obvious beginning and end such as kicking a ball or a pass in netball.
- Serial motor skills Discrete motor skills are performed in a sequence such as gymnastics
- Continuous motor skills have no definite beginning/end like walking or running. Repetitive
predictability of the environment - 2
- Closed skills have lots of control over the environment
Closed environments: basketball stadium or classrooms
Internally/self paced. - Open skills are where the environment is unpredictable and external factor cannot be controlled
Open environments: football oval or cricket pitch
Variable and unpredictable environment. Externally paced. Movement is adapted to the environment.
What is a Fundamental Motor Skill (FMS) 3 examples
Basic skills children learn to form a foundation for sport specific skills later in development.
Throwing
Catching
Kicking
3 stages of learning
- Cognitive Stage (Beginner/Thinking)
Learning stages, characteristics include, making errors and inability to isolate problems themselves.
Inability to throw a ball - Associative Stage (Intermediate/Practice)
Refining techniques or practising. Characteristics include minor eros, making minor adjustments and modifying movement patterns.
Point and throw for better direction - Autonomous Stage (Advanced/Elite)
Focus is on strategy and tactics. Characteristics include, being skillful, predicting good and bad or minimising energy expenditure
Developed motor control and ability to throw the ball one handed, with correct distance.
methods of practice - 6
- Whole practice
- Part practice
- Distributed practice
- Massed practice
- Blocked practice
- Random practice
whole practice and part practice
Motor skills broken into segments which can be effective for teaching beginners in the cognitive stage. You can either choose to practise the skill (tennis serve) as a whole, or practise a particular part (ball toss)
Good for a complex skill.
When deciding with practice ot school, the complexity of the task and organisation of the task should be considered.
distributed practice
Distributed means how many training sessions you can have and usually is related to having rest in between sessions or blocks.
massed practice
Masses are generally longer training sessions which have less rest periods and are used for semi-professional teams who can not complete as many sessions. These sessions usually gain higher amounts of physiological and psychological fatigue.
blocked practice
Working on the same skill continuously before moving onto the next skill.
Great for beginners as they can keep a stable environment.
random practice
Completing different skills in random environments and usually in changing environments which is great for advanced learners. Overtime, it leads to improved learning.
what is diminshing return?
The principle of diminishing return suggests that the rate of fitness improvement diminishes over time as fitness approaches its ultimate genetic potential
2 types of feedback
- intrinsic
- augmented
4 intrinsic feedback
Visual
Eyes seeing what is happening.
Auditory
Ears hearing what is happening.
Proprioception
Feedback via tendons about joint position/movement.
Touch
Feedback from sensory neurons from the skin.
4 augmented feedback
Augmented (External)
Concurrent
Getting feedback as the performance is happening.
Terminal
Getting feedback at the end of performance.
Knowledge of results
Performer knows what the outcome is.
Knowledge of performance
Performer understand characteristics of performance rather than the outcome.
equiptment for feedback
- stop watches
- gps
- smart phone
- drone
frequency of feedback for each learning stage
Cognitive: are not able to correct errors and require augmented feedback regularly however cannot process one piece of information at a time.
Associative and Autonomous: Learners should be able to detect errors and correct them and will require less frequent feedback however coaching feedback still remains important for minor corrections.
what is a sport specific skill
Sport specific skills refer to patterns of movement that duplicate the actions of particular skills used in sport .
link between motor sill development and particpation
Link between motor skill development and participation
People who have not completely developed FMS are less likely to play sports that require those skills.
Locomotor (running and jumping)
Object control (catching and throwing)
Stability skills (balance and twisting)
4 stages of qualitative movement analysis
- preparation
- observation
- evaluation
- error correction
preparation
What is the purpose of the analysis?
Coaches come up with an observation strategy based on their knowledge of what the game and performances look like.
Multimedia technology for further analysis can be used and specific software can be used to track single players AFL players.
