Unit 3: Neural basis of learning and memory

Question 1

Neural plasticity

Answer 1

The ability of the brain’s neural structure or function to be changed by experience throughout the lifespan.

Question 2

Synaptic plasticity

Answer 2

Refers to the ability of the synapse to change overtime either through strengthening of synapses or the elimination of the synapse.

Question 3

Hebb’s rule

Answer 3

Neurons that fire together, wire together

Question 4

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 4

Refers to the long-lasting strengthening of synaptic connections resulting in enhanced or more effective synaptic transmission.

Question 5

Long-term depression (LTD)

Answer 5

The opposite of LTP; a long-lasting decrease int he strength of synaptic transmission.

Question 6

Neurohormone

Answer 6

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by neurons and released from axon terminals into the bloodstream.

Question 7

Glutamate in synaptic plasticity

Answer 7

Promotes the growth and strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons within a neural pathway that represents the memory of what has been learnt.

Question 8

Consolidation

Answer 8

The biological process of making newly formed memory stable and enduring after learning.

Question 9

Hippocampus

Answer 9

Located deep within the brain and has a crucial role in the consolidation of most of our memories.

Question 10

Adrenaline (in terms of consolidation)

Answer 10

Adrenaline can enhance the consolidation of long-term memories of emotionally arousing experiences.

Question 11

Amygdala

Answer 11

Located deep within the brain and has a crucial role in processing emotions.