Unit 3: Membranes And Transport

Question 1

Hypotonic solutions

Answer 1

Lower solute concentration outside the cell -> water enters cell -> cell may swell or burst

Question 2

Hypertonic

Answer 2

Higher solute concentration outside the cell -> water leaves the cell -> cell may shrink

Question 3

Amphipathic

Answer 3

Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 4

Glycogen monosaccharides

Answer 4

Glucose (alpha)

Question 5

Sucrose monosaccradises

Answer 5

Glucose + fructose

Question 6

Maltose monosaccidses

Answer 6

Glucose x2

Question 7

Starch

Answer 7

Glucose (alpha)

Question 8

Cellulose

Answer 8

Glucose (beta)

Question 9

Amylose polymer

Answer 9

Linear chain (alpha D connected by 1,4 glycosidic bonds) forming helical structure mostly unbranched. Less soluble due to its linear structure allowing tighter packaging. Digested more slowly bc only ends are accessible to enymes. Makes up 20-30% of starch

Question 10

Amylopectin polymer

Answer 10

Branched polymer (alpha glucose with 1,4 and 1,6 bonds). More soluble bc its branched srtructure facilitates inrteraction with water molecules. Digested more quicjly bc has multiple sites for enzyme interaction. Makes up about 70-80% of starch

Question 11

Simple diffusion

Answer 11

Simple diffusion of moelcules from a higher concentration to lower (O2 and CO2 use)

Question 12

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

Molecules move across plasma membrane through protein channels or carriers down their gradient without energy (glucose and amino acids)

Question 14

Active transport

Answer 14

Movement of molecules against their conc gradient with energy and transport proteins (Na/K pump Na out and K in)

Question 15

Osmosis

Answer 15

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration

Question 16

Osmolarity

Answer 16

Concentrations of solute particles in a solution (Osm/L)

Question 17

Integral proteins

Answer 17

span across the membrane and are involved in transport, acting as channels or carriers for molecules.

Question 18

Peripheral proteins

Answer 18

attached to the exterior or interior surfaces of the membrane and play roles in signaling, cell recognition, or structural support.

Question 19

Channel proteins

Answer 19

create hydrophilic pores that allow specific molecules or ions to pass through the membrane. (facilitated diffusion)

Question 20

Carrier proteins

Answer 20

Carrier proteins bind to specific molecules, then undergo a conformational change to move the molecule across the membrane.

Question 21

Pumps

Answer 21

Active transport pumps move molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (usually from ATP). (Na/K pump)

Question 22

Aquaporins

Answer 22

channel proteins specifically dedicated to facilitating the transport of water molecules across the membrane.