Unit 3 MCQ Flashcards
First Amendment
Freedom of religion:
- Establishment clause: protects from government requiring to join or support a religion (no prayer in public schools)
- Free Exercise clause: protection of rights of individuals to exercise and express their religious beliefs
Protects freedom of speech, press, assembly, and the right to petition
Fourth Amendment
protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures
Fifth Amendment
guarantees the right to a grand jury
forbids “double jeopardy”
protects against self-incrimination
Sixth Amendment
gives citizens a series of rights in criminal trials
right to a fast and public trial by an impartial jury
be aware of criminal charges
to confront witnesses during trial
have witnesses appear in the trial
right to legal representation
Eight Amendment
prohibits excessive bail and fines
prohibits cruel and unusual punishment
Fourteenth Amendment
all citizens born or naturalized in the US have equal protection under the law
extends the provisions of the BoR to the states—due process clause
Nineteenth Amendment
granted women the right to vote
Twenty-Fourth Amendment
no one can be denied the right to vote
abolished poll taxes
Due Process clause
no person can be denied rights without the due process of law
1. notice
2. opportunity to be heard
3. an impartial tribunal
(5th and 14th amendments)
**for civil liberties
Equal Protection clause
government cannot deny people of equal protections of its governing law
14th amendment
**civil rights
Fifteenth Amendment
granted African American men the right to vote
selective incorporation
process by which SCOTUS ensures the rights guaranteed by the Constitution are not violated by the states
civil rights
protect people from discrimination
civil liberties
protects people from government
prior restraint
an attempt to prevent publication or broadcast of any statement
unconstitutional restraint on free speech and free press
clear and present danger
First Amendment does not protect speech that approaches creating a clear and present danger
1. speech must impose a threat that a substantive evil might follow
2. threat is a real, imminent threat
bad tendency doctrine
permitted by restriction of freedom of speech by govt if it is believed that a form of speech has a sole tendency to incite or cause illegal activity
most used to determine whether criticism of WWI was protected by the First Amendment
lemon test
government can only assist religion if:
1. the primary purpose of the assistance is secular
2. the assistance must neither promote nor inhibit religion
3. there is no excessive entanglement between church and stat3e
symbolic speech
nonverbal, non written forms of communication
ex: bringing a flag, wearing armbands, or burning a draft paper
libel
act of defaming another person through writings
slander
act of making a false oral statement about the character or professional standing of another person
Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title VII
authorized the federal government to withhold grants from districts that did not integrate schools
outlawed racial segregation in schools and public places
authorized the attorney general to sue individual school districts that refused to desegregate
Title VII prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, national origin, or sex
Voting Rights Act of 1965
outlaws literacy tests and authorizes ht justice department to send federal officials to register voters in uncooperative cities
Civil Rights Act of 1968
prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, sex, handicap, and family status
VII is aka the Fair Housing Act
Title IX
part of the Higher Education Act of 1972
no person can be denied participation in any educational program or activity recieving federal aid
increased women’s participation in sports
