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Anatomy > Unit 3: Lower Extremity (Muscles + OIIA) > Flashcards

Unit 3: Lower Extremity (Muscles + OIIA) Flashcards

1
Q

Sartorius muscle

A

Origin:
ASIS of the hip bone

Insertion:
Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia; pes anserinus

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Flexion of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh
Flexion of leg
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2
Q

Iliopsoas muscle

A

Origin:
Iliacus part: Iliac fossa of the ilium
Psoas part: body of T12 and all lumbar vertebrae (bodies, transverse processes, and associated intervertebral discs)

Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of the femur

Innervation:
Iliacus part: femoral nerve
Psoas part: ventral rami of L2-3 spinal nerves

Action:
Flexion of thigh

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3
Q

Pectineus muscle

A

Origin:
Superior ramus of the pubis of the hip bone

Insertion:
Pectineal line of the femur

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of thigh
Medial rotation of thigh
Comment 
May also receive innervation from obturator nerve
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4
Q

Quadriceps Femoris muscle

A

Origin:
Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis: Shaft of the femur
Rectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium

Insertion:
Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon, tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh at hip joint (rectus femoris only)

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5
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Origin:
AIIS of the hip bone

Insertion:
Patella

Innervation:
Femoral

Action:
Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh

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6
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin:
Greater trochanter and lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur

Insertion:
Patella (via a common quadriceps tendon)

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Extension of leg

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7
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Origin:
Anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur

Insertion:
Patella (via a common quadriceps tendon)

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Extension of leg

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8
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Origin:
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur

Insertion:
Patella (via a common quadriceps tendon)

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Extension of leg

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9
Q

Gracilis muscle

A

Origin:
Body and inferior ramus of the pubis of the hip bone

Insertion:
Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia; pes anserinus

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Action:
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of leg

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10
Q

Adductor longus muscle

A

Origin:
Body of the pubis inferior to the pubic crest of the hip bone

Insertion:
Middle third of the linea aspera of the femur

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Action:
Adduction of thigh

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11
Q

Adductor brevis muscle

A

Origin:
Body of the pubis and inferior ramus of the pubis of the hip bone

Insertion:
Pectineal line of the femur

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Action:
Adduction of thigh

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12
Q

Adductor magnus muscle

A

Origin:
Inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of the ischium, and ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Gluteal tuberosity, medial lip of the linea aspera, and adductor tubercle of the femur

Innervation:
Obturator and tibial nerves

Action:
Adduction of thigh
Extension of thigh

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13
Q

Obturator externus muscle

A

Origin:
Margins of foramen and obturator membrane of the hip bone

Insertion:
Trochanteric fossa of the femur

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh

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14
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle

A

Origin:
Iliac crest between ASIS and iliac tubercle of the hip bone

Insertion:
Gerdy’s tubercle (anterolateral tubercle of the tibia via the iliotibial band)

Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

Action:
Flexion of femur
Abduction of femur
Medial rotation of femur
Stabilizes knee in full extension
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15
Q

Gluteus maximus muscle

A

Origin:
Ilium of the hip bone posterior to the posterior gluteal line

Insertion:
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur (about 25% of the fibers); Gerdy’s tubercle, anterolateral tubercle of the tibia (about 75% of the fibers via the IT band)

Innervation:
Inferior gluteal nerve

Action:
Extension of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh

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16
Q

Gluteus Medius muscle

A

Origin:
External surface of the ilium of the hip bone between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Insertion:
Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

Action:
Abduction of thigh (non weight-bearing)
Lowers pelvis on weight-bearing side

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17
Q

Gluteus minimus muscle

A

Origin:
External surface of the ilium of the hip bone between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Insertion:
Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

Action:
Abduction of thigh (non weight-bearing)
Lowers pelvis on weight-bearing side

Comment:
Lowering (“tilting” downward) pelvis on weight-bearing side allows non weight-bearing limb to swing forward during walking

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18
Q

Piriformis muscle

A

Origin:
Pelvic surface of the S2-S4 segments, superior margin of the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone

Insertion:
Superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation:
Ventral rami of L5-S2 spinal nerves

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh

Comment:
Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen

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19
Q

Superior Gemellus muscle

A

Origin:
Ischial spine of the hip bone

Insertion:
Trochanteric fossa of the femur

Innervation:
Ventral rami of L5-S1 spinal nerve

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh

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20
Q

Inferior Gemellus muscle

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Trochanteric fossa of the femur

Innervation:
Ventral rami of L5-S1 spinal nerve

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh

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21
Q

Quadratus femoris muscle

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Quadrate tubercle of the femur

Innervation:
Ventral rami of L5-S1 spinal nerves

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh

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22
Q

Long head of Biceps Femoris

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Lateral side of the head of the fibula

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Flexion of leg
Extension of thigh

Comment:
One of hamstring muscles (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and long head of biceps femurs)

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23
Q

Short Head of Biceps Femoris

A

Origin:
Lateral lip of the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur

Insertion:
Lateral side of the head of the fibula

Innervation:
Common fibular nerve

Action:
Flexion of leg

Comment:
Tendon unites with that of long head of biceps femoris

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24
Q

Semitendinosus muscle

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia; pes anserinus

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Flexion of leg
Extension of thigh

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25
Q

Semimembranosus muscle

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Posterior part of the medial condyle of the tibia

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Flexion of leg
Extension of thigh

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26
Q

Tibialis anterior muscle

A

Origin:
anterior lateral shaft of the tibia
Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Metatarsal I
Medial cuneiform

Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve

Action:
Dorsiflexion of foot
Inversion of foot

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27
Q

Extensor hallucis longus muscle

A

Origin:
anterior shaft of the fibula
Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe (hallux)

Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve

Action:
Extension of great toe
Dorsiflexion (foot)
Inversion (foot)

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28
Q

Extensor digitorum longus muscle

A

Origin:
lateral condyle of the tibia
anterior shaft of the fibula
Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve

Action:
Extension of toes 2-5
Dorsiflexion (foot)
Eversion (foot)

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29
Q

Fibularis tertius muscle

A

Origin:
inferior third of anterior surface of the fibula
Interosseus membrane of leg

Insertion:
Base of the 5th metatarsal

Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve

Action:
Dorsiflexion of foot
Assists in eversion of foot

30
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis muscle

A

Origin:
Dorsal Calcaneus

Insertion:
Dorsal surface of proximal phalanx of great toe

Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve

Action:
Extension of great toe

31
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis muscle

A

Origin:
Dorsal Calcaneus

Insertion:
Joins tendons of extensor digitorum longus to insert on dorsal base of middle phalanx of toes 2-4

Innervation:
Deep fibular nerve
Often includes extensor hallucis brevis muscle

Action:
Extension of toes 2-4

32
Q

Fibularis longus muscle

A

Origin:
proximal shaft of the fibula

Insertion:
Base of the 1st metatarsal and the medial cuneiform

Innervation:
Superficial fibular nerve

Action:
Eversion of foot
Plantar flexion of foot

33
Q

Fibularis brevis muscle

A

Origin:
distal shaft of the fibula

Insertion:
Base of the 5th metatarsal

Innervation:
Superficial fibular nerve

Action:
Eversion of foot
Plantar flexion of foot

34
Q

Medial head of Gastrocnemius muscle

A

Origin:
Popliteal surface, superior to the medial condyle of the femur

Insertion:
Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Plantar flexion of foot
Flexion of leg

35
Q

Lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle

A

Origin:
Lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion:
Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Plantar flexion of foot
Flexion of leg

36
Q

Soleus muscle

A

Origin:
Soleal line, and posterior aspect of the head and the superior quarter of the posterior surface of the fibula

Insertion:
Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Plantar flexion of foot

Comment:
Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon formed by tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

37
Q

Plantaris muscle

A

Origin:
Inferior end of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur

Insertion:
Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Plantar flexion of foot
Flexion of leg

38
Q

Popliteus muscle

A

Origin:
Lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion:
Posterior surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh on leg (weight-bearing)
Medial rotation of leg on thigh (non weight-bearing)

Comment:
Helps “unlock” knee joint from full extension
Maintains (with posterior cruciate ligament) position of femur on tibia in full leg flexion (squatting)

39
Q

Tibialis posterior muscle

A

Origin:
posterior shaft of the tibia
posterior shaft of the fibula
Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuneiform bones
Cuboid
Metatarsals II-IV

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot

40
Q

Flexor hallucis longus muscle

A

Origin:
posterior shaft of the fibula
Interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Flexion of great toe
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot

Comment:
Powerful muscle for “push-off” of foot during walking and running

41
Q

Flexor digitorum longus muscle

A

Origin:
posterior middle shaft of the tibia

Insertion:
Bases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot

Comment:
Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin) muscles

42
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis muscle

A

Origin:
plantar surface of the calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis

Insertion:
Middle phalanges of toes 2-5

Innervation:
Medial plantar nerve

Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5

43
Q

Abductor digiti minimi muscle

A

Origin:
plantar surface of the calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis

Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of little toe

Innervation:
Lateral plantar nerve

Action:
Support of lateral longitudinal arch of foot during weight-bearing

44
Q

Abductor hallucis muscle

A

Origin:
plantar surface of the calcaneus
Plantar aponeurosis

Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of big toe

Innervation:
Medial plantar nerve

Action:
Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot during weight-bearing

45
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (medial and lateral heads)

A

Origin:
plantar surface of the lateral cuneiform

Insertion:
Proximal phalanx of digit I of foot (great toe)

Innervation:
Medial plantar nerve

Action:
Flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint of digit I of foot (great toe)

46
Q

Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique and transverse heads)

A

Origin:
Metatarsals II-IV (oblique head)
Plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments (transverse head)

Insertion:
Lateral side of proximal phalanx of great toe

Innervation:
Lateral plantar nerve

Action:
Adduction of great toe
Resists separation (“spreading”) of metatarsals during weight-bearing

47
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle

A

Origin:
Base of Metatarsal V

Insertion:
Base of Proximal phalanx of little toe

Innervation:
Lateral plantar nerve

Action:
Flexion of little toe

48
Q

Dorsal Interosseous muscle (DAB)

A

Origin:
Metatarsals I-V
Each attaches to adjacent sides of two metatarsals

Insertion:
Base of proximal phalanges of toes 2-4
Extensor expansions of toes 2-4

Innervation:
Lateral plantar nerve

Action:
Abduction of toes 2-4
Assists lumbrical muscles in flexion of metatarsophalangeal joints of toes 2-4
Assists lumbrical muscles in extension of interphalangeal joints of toes 2-4 (via extensor expansions of toes)

Comment:
Abduction and adduction of digits of foot relative to axis through digit II (second toe)
Dorsal interosseous muscles of foot are bipennate
Typically three dorsal interosseous muscles in foot

49
Q

Plantar Interosseous muscle (need to ask sammonds)

A

Origin:
Metatarsals, long plantar ligament

Insertion:
Medial side of Proximal phalanges of 3rd to 5th toe

Innervation:
Lateral plantar nerve

Action:
Adducts toes

50
Q

Quadratus plantae muscle

A

Origin:
plantar surface of calcaneus

Insertion:
Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Innervation:
Lateral plantar nerve

Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5

51
Q

Lumbrical muscles

A

Origin:
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Insertion:
Tendons of extensor digitorum longus to toes 2-5

Innervation:
Medial plantar nerve (lumbrical 1)
Lateral plantar nerve (lumbricals 2, 3, and 4)

Action:
Flexion of toes at metatarsophalangeal (MP) joints
Extension of toes at interphalangeal (IP) joints

52
Q

Calcaneal (achilles) tendon

A

Location:
Leg (posterior)

Description:
Formed by union of tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
Extends from mid-leg to calcaneus (heel)

Comment:
Strongest tendon of body
Must lift weight of entire body during plantar flexion (standing on “tip-toe”)

53
Q

Flexor digitorum longus tendon

A

Comment:

Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin) muscles

54
Q

Fibularis longus tendon

A

Comment:

Tendon crosses plantar foot from lateral to medial to attach to metatarsal I

55
Q

Flexor retinaculum

A

Location:
Ankle (lateral)

Description:
Thick bands of deep fascia
Superior fibular retinaculum attached to lateral malleolus and calcaneus
Inferior fibular retinaculum continuous with extensor retinaculum and attached to calcaneus

Function:
Holds in place tendons of fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles

56
Q

Plantar Aponeurosis

A

Location:
Foot (plantar)

Description:
Thick fibrous band of deep fascia between skin and muscle layers
Proximal attachment: calcaneus
Distal attachments: five fibrous slips, one to each toe

57
Q

Name all the Anterior Thigh Muscles

A

Flexors of the thigh and extensors of the leg

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris

58
Q

Name all the Medial Thigh Muscles

A

Adduct the thigh

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator Externus
59
Q

State the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle

A

Boundaries:
Superiorly by the inguinal ligament
Medially by the adductor longus
Laterally by the sartorius

Contents (from lateral to medial):
Femoral nerve & branches
Femoral sheath & contents
Femoral artery and several branches [NAVL]

60
Q

State the contents of the adductor canal

A
  • Femoral artery andFemoralvein
  • Saphenous nerve
  • Nerve to VastusMedialis
61
Q

Name all the Gluteal Muscles

A
  • Gluteus Maximus
  • Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus
  • Piriformis
  • Obturator Internus and Gemelli
  • Quadratus Femoris
62
Q

Name all the Posterior Thigh Muscles

A 
(extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg)
Hamstrings:
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
- Biceps femoris (long head)
  • Hamstring part of Adductor Magnus
63
Q

Name all the Anterior Leg Muscles

A

(Dorsiflex (extend) the foot and extend the toes)

  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Fibularis tertius
64
Q

Name all the Lateral Leg Muscles

A

(Eversion of the foot)

  • Fibularis Longus
  • Fibularis Brevis
65
Q

Name all the Superficial Muscles in the Posterior Leg

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
66
Q

Name all the Deep Muscles in the Posterior Leg

A
  • Popliteus
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus
  • Tibialis Posterior
67
Q

Name all the Dorsal Foot Muscles

A
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Extensor Digitorum Brevis
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
  • Dorsal Interosseus Muscles
68
Q

Name all the First layer plantar muscles of the foot

A
  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  • Abductor Digiti Minimi
69
Q

Name all the Second layer plantar muscles of the foot

A
  • Quadratus Plantae
  • Tendons of Flexor Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Lumbricals
70
Q

Name all the Third layer plantar muscles of the foot

A
  • Flexor Hallucis Brevis
  • Adductor Hallucis (transverse and oblique heads)
  • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
71
Q

Name all the Fourth later plantar muscles of the foot

A
  • Three Plantar Interossei

- Four Dorsal Interossei

Anatomy (2 decks)

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