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Anatomy > Unit 3: Lower Extremity (Muscles + OIIA) > Flashcards

Unit 3: Lower Extremity (Muscles + OIIA) Flashcards

1
Q

Sartorius muscle

A

Origin:
ASIS of the hip bone

Insertion:
Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia; pes anserinus

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Flexion of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh
Flexion of leg
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2
Q

Iliopsoas muscle

A

Origin:
Iliacus part: Iliac fossa of the ilium
Psoas part: body of T12 and all lumbar vertebrae (bodies, transverse processes, and associated intervertebral discs)

Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of the femur

Innervation:
Iliacus part: femoral nerve
Psoas part: ventral rami of L2-3 spinal nerves

Action:
Flexion of thigh

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3
Q

Pectineus muscle

A

Origin:
Superior ramus of the pubis of the hip bone

Insertion:
Pectineal line of the femur

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of thigh
Medial rotation of thigh
Comment 
May also receive innervation from obturator nerve
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4
Q

Quadriceps Femoris muscle

A

Origin:
Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis: Shaft of the femur
Rectus femoris: anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium

Insertion:
Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon, tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh at hip joint (rectus femoris only)

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5
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Origin:
AIIS of the hip bone

Insertion:
Patella

Innervation:
Femoral

Action:
Extension of leg
Flexion of thigh

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6
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin:
Greater trochanter and lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur

Insertion:
Patella (via a common quadriceps tendon)

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Extension of leg

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7
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Origin:
Anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur

Insertion:
Patella (via a common quadriceps tendon)

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Extension of leg

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8
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Origin:
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur

Insertion:
Patella (via a common quadriceps tendon)

Innervation:
Femoral nerve

Action:
Extension of leg

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9
Q

Gracilis muscle

A

Origin:
Body and inferior ramus of the pubis of the hip bone

Insertion:
Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia; pes anserinus

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Action:
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of leg

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10
Q

Adductor longus muscle

A

Origin:
Body of the pubis inferior to the pubic crest of the hip bone

Insertion:
Middle third of the linea aspera of the femur

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Action:
Adduction of thigh

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11
Q

Adductor brevis muscle

A

Origin:
Body of the pubis and inferior ramus of the pubis of the hip bone

Insertion:
Pectineal line of the femur

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Action:
Adduction of thigh

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12
Q

Adductor magnus muscle

A

Origin:
Inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of the ischium, and ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Gluteal tuberosity, medial lip of the linea aspera, and adductor tubercle of the femur

Innervation:
Obturator and tibial nerves

Action:
Adduction of thigh
Extension of thigh

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13
Q

Obturator externus muscle

A

Origin:
Margins of foramen and obturator membrane of the hip bone

Insertion:
Trochanteric fossa of the femur

Innervation:
Obturator nerve

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh

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14
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae muscle

A

Origin:
Iliac crest between ASIS and iliac tubercle of the hip bone

Insertion:
Gerdy’s tubercle (anterolateral tubercle of the tibia via the iliotibial band)

Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

Action:
Flexion of femur
Abduction of femur
Medial rotation of femur
Stabilizes knee in full extension
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15
Q

Gluteus maximus muscle

A

Origin:
Ilium of the hip bone posterior to the posterior gluteal line

Insertion:
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur (about 25% of the fibers); Gerdy’s tubercle, anterolateral tubercle of the tibia (about 75% of the fibers via the IT band)

Innervation:
Inferior gluteal nerve

Action:
Extension of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh

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16
Q

Gluteus Medius muscle

A

Origin:
External surface of the ilium of the hip bone between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Insertion:
Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

Action:
Abduction of thigh (non weight-bearing)
Lowers pelvis on weight-bearing side

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17
Q

Gluteus minimus muscle

A

Origin:
External surface of the ilium of the hip bone between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Insertion:
Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

Action:
Abduction of thigh (non weight-bearing)
Lowers pelvis on weight-bearing side

Comment:
Lowering (“tilting” downward) pelvis on weight-bearing side allows non weight-bearing limb to swing forward during walking

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18
Q

Piriformis muscle

A

Origin:
Pelvic surface of the S2-S4 segments, superior margin of the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone

Insertion:
Superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation:
Ventral rami of L5-S2 spinal nerves

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh

Comment:
Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen

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19
Q

Superior Gemellus muscle

A

Origin:
Ischial spine of the hip bone

Insertion:
Trochanteric fossa of the femur

Innervation:
Ventral rami of L5-S1 spinal nerve

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh

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20
Q

Inferior Gemellus muscle

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Trochanteric fossa of the femur

Innervation:
Ventral rami of L5-S1 spinal nerve

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh

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21
Q

Quadratus femoris muscle

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Quadrate tubercle of the femur

Innervation:
Ventral rami of L5-S1 spinal nerves

Action:
Lateral rotation of thigh

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22
Q

Long head of Biceps Femoris

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Lateral side of the head of the fibula

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Flexion of leg
Extension of thigh

Comment:
One of hamstring muscles (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and long head of biceps femurs)

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23
Q

Short Head of Biceps Femoris

A

Origin:
Lateral lip of the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur

Insertion:
Lateral side of the head of the fibula

Innervation:
Common fibular nerve

Action:
Flexion of leg

Comment:
Tendon unites with that of long head of biceps femoris

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24
Q

Semitendinosus muscle

A

Origin:
Ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

Insertion:
Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia; pes anserinus

Innervation:
Tibial nerve

Action:
Flexion of leg
Extension of thigh

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25
Semimembranosus muscle
Origin: Ischial tuberosity of the hip bone Insertion: Posterior part of the medial condyle of the tibia Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Flexion of leg Extension of thigh
26
Tibialis anterior muscle
Origin: anterior lateral shaft of the tibia Interosseous membrane Insertion: Metatarsal I Medial cuneiform Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Dorsiflexion of foot Inversion of foot
27
Extensor hallucis longus muscle
Origin: anterior shaft of the fibula Interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe (hallux) Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Extension of great toe Dorsiflexion (foot) Inversion (foot)
28
Extensor digitorum longus muscle
Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia anterior shaft of the fibula Interosseous membrane Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Extension of toes 2-5 Dorsiflexion (foot) Eversion (foot)
29
Fibularis tertius muscle
Origin: inferior third of anterior surface of the fibula Interosseus membrane of leg Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Dorsiflexion of foot Assists in eversion of foot
30
Extensor hallucis brevis muscle
Origin: Dorsal Calcaneus Insertion: Dorsal surface of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Action: Extension of great toe
31
Extensor digitorum brevis muscle
Origin: Dorsal Calcaneus Insertion: Joins tendons of extensor digitorum longus to insert on dorsal base of middle phalanx of toes 2-4 Innervation: Deep fibular nerve Often includes extensor hallucis brevis muscle Action: Extension of toes 2-4
32
Fibularis longus muscle
Origin: proximal shaft of the fibula Insertion: Base of the 1st metatarsal and the medial cuneiform Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve Action: Eversion of foot Plantar flexion of foot
33
Fibularis brevis muscle
Origin: distal shaft of the fibula Insertion: Base of the 5th metatarsal Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve Action: Eversion of foot Plantar flexion of foot
34
Medial head of Gastrocnemius muscle
Origin: Popliteal surface, superior to the medial condyle of the femur Insertion: Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Plantar flexion of foot Flexion of leg
35
Lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle
Origin: Lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur Insertion: Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Plantar flexion of foot Flexion of leg
36
Soleus muscle
Origin: Soleal line, and posterior aspect of the head and the superior quarter of the posterior surface of the fibula Insertion: Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Plantar flexion of foot Comment: Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon formed by tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
37
Plantaris muscle
Origin: Inferior end of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur Insertion: Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the tendo calcaneus Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Plantar flexion of foot Flexion of leg
38
Popliteus muscle
Origin: Lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur Insertion: Posterior surface of the tibia, superior to the soleal line Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Lateral rotation of thigh on leg (weight-bearing) Medial rotation of leg on thigh (non weight-bearing) Comment: Helps "unlock" knee joint from full extension Maintains (with posterior cruciate ligament) position of femur on tibia in full leg flexion (squatting)
39
Tibialis posterior muscle
Origin: posterior shaft of the tibia posterior shaft of the fibula Interosseous membrane ``` Insertion: Calcaneus Navicular Cuneiform bones Cuboid Metatarsals II-IV ``` Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Plantar flexion of foot Inversion of foot
40
Flexor hallucis longus muscle
Origin: posterior shaft of the fibula Interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Flexion of great toe Plantar flexion of foot Inversion of foot Comment: Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and running
41
Flexor digitorum longus muscle
Origin: posterior middle shaft of the tibia Insertion: Bases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5 Innervation: Tibial nerve Action: Flexion of toes 2-5 Plantar flexion of foot Inversion of foot Comment: Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin) muscles
42
Flexor digitorum brevis muscle
Origin: plantar surface of the calcaneus Plantar aponeurosis Insertion: Middle phalanges of toes 2-5 Innervation: Medial plantar nerve Action: Flexion of toes 2-5
43
Abductor digiti minimi muscle
Origin: plantar surface of the calcaneus Plantar aponeurosis Insertion: Proximal phalanx of little toe Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Support of lateral longitudinal arch of foot during weight-bearing
44
Abductor hallucis muscle
Origin: plantar surface of the calcaneus Plantar aponeurosis Insertion: Proximal phalanx of big toe Innervation: Medial plantar nerve Action: Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot during weight-bearing
45
Flexor hallucis brevis muscle (medial and lateral heads)
Origin: plantar surface of the lateral cuneiform Insertion: Proximal phalanx of digit I of foot (great toe) Innervation: Medial plantar nerve Action: Flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint of digit I of foot (great toe)
46
Adductor hallucis muscle (oblique and transverse heads)
Origin: Metatarsals II-IV (oblique head) Plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments (transverse head) Insertion: Lateral side of proximal phalanx of great toe Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Adduction of great toe Resists separation ("spreading") of metatarsals during weight-bearing
47
Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle
Origin: Base of Metatarsal V Insertion: Base of Proximal phalanx of little toe Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Flexion of little toe
48
Dorsal Interosseous muscle (DAB)
Origin: Metatarsals I-V Each attaches to adjacent sides of two metatarsals Insertion: Base of proximal phalanges of toes 2-4 Extensor expansions of toes 2-4 Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Abduction of toes 2-4 Assists lumbrical muscles in flexion of metatarsophalangeal joints of toes 2-4 Assists lumbrical muscles in extension of interphalangeal joints of toes 2-4 (via extensor expansions of toes) Comment: Abduction and adduction of digits of foot relative to axis through digit II (second toe) Dorsal interosseous muscles of foot are bipennate Typically three dorsal interosseous muscles in foot
49
Plantar Interosseous muscle (need to ask sammonds)
Origin: Metatarsals, long plantar ligament Insertion: Medial side of Proximal phalanges of 3rd to 5th toe Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Adducts toes
50
Quadratus plantae muscle
Origin: plantar surface of calcaneus Insertion: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve Action: Flexion of toes 2-5
51
Lumbrical muscles
Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus Insertion: Tendons of extensor digitorum longus to toes 2-5 Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (lumbrical 1) Lateral plantar nerve (lumbricals 2, 3, and 4) Action: Flexion of toes at metatarsophalangeal (MP) joints Extension of toes at interphalangeal (IP) joints
52
Calcaneal (achilles) tendon
Location: Leg (posterior) Description: Formed by union of tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles Extends from mid-leg to calcaneus (heel) Comment: Strongest tendon of body Must lift weight of entire body during plantar flexion (standing on "tip-toe")
53
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Comment: | Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin) muscles
54
Fibularis longus tendon
Comment: | Tendon crosses plantar foot from lateral to medial to attach to metatarsal I
55
Flexor retinaculum
Location: Ankle (lateral) Description: Thick bands of deep fascia Superior fibular retinaculum attached to lateral malleolus and calcaneus Inferior fibular retinaculum continuous with extensor retinaculum and attached to calcaneus Function: Holds in place tendons of fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles
56
Plantar Aponeurosis
Location: Foot (plantar) Description: Thick fibrous band of deep fascia between skin and muscle layers Proximal attachment: calcaneus Distal attachments: five fibrous slips, one to each toe
57
Name all the Anterior Thigh Muscles
Flexors of the thigh and extensors of the leg Pectineus Iliopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps femoris
58
Name all the Medial Thigh Muscles
Adduct the thigh ``` Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis Obturator Externus ```
59
State the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle
Boundaries: Superiorly by the inguinal ligament Medially by the adductor longus Laterally by the sartorius Contents (from lateral to medial): Femoral nerve & branches Femoral sheath & contents Femoral artery and several branches [NAVL]
60
State the contents of the adductor canal
- Femoral artery and Femoral vein - Saphenous nerve - Nerve to Vastus Medialis
61
Name all the Gluteal Muscles
- Gluteus Maximus - Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus - Piriformis - Obturator Internus and Gemelli - Quadratus Femoris
62
Name all the Posterior Thigh Muscles
``` (extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg) Hamstrings: - Semitendinosus - Semimembranosus - Biceps femoris (long head) ``` - Hamstring part of Adductor Magnus
63
Name all the Anterior Leg Muscles
(Dorsiflex (extend) the foot and extend the toes) - Tibialis anterior - Extensor digitorum longus - Extensor hallucis longus - Fibularis tertius
64
Name all the Lateral Leg Muscles
(Eversion of the foot) - Fibularis Longus - Fibularis Brevis
65
Name all the Superficial Muscles in the Posterior Leg
- Gastrocnemius - Soleus - Plantaris
66
Name all the Deep Muscles in the Posterior Leg
- Popliteus - Flexor Digitorum Longus - Flexor Hallucis Longus - Tibialis Posterior
67
Name all the Dorsal Foot Muscles
- Extensor Digitorum Longus - Extensor Digitorum Brevis - Tibialis Anterior - Extensor Hallucis Longus - Dorsal Interosseus Muscles
68
Name all the First layer plantar muscles of the foot
- Abductor Hallucis - Flexor Digitorum Brevis - Abductor Digiti Minimi
69
Name all the Second layer plantar muscles of the foot
- Quadratus Plantae - Tendons of Flexor Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus - Lumbricals
70
Name all the Third layer plantar muscles of the foot
- Flexor Hallucis Brevis - Adductor Hallucis (transverse and oblique heads) - Flexor digiti minimi brevis
71
Name all the Fourth later plantar muscles of the foot
- Three Plantar Interossei | - Four Dorsal Interossei

Anatomy (2 decks)

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