UNIT 3 List DNA & Heredity

Question 1

what is allele?

Answer 1

more alternative forms of genes

Question 2

what is centromere?

Answer 2

constricted part of a chromosome

Question 3

what is chromatid?

Answer 3

1 or 2 halves of a chromosomes

Question 4

What is chromosome?

Answer 4

thread like substance of nucleic acids and protein

Question 5

What is crossing over

Answer 5

exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes

Question 5

What is codon (chart)

Answer 5

sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides

Question 6

What is daughter cell

Answer 6

cells that are formed after cell division

Question 7

What is diploid

Answer 7

presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cell

Question 7

What is deletion

Answer 7

mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides

Question 8

What is DNA

Answer 8

deoxyribonucleic acid with a double strand of genetic information

Question 9

What is gene mutation

Answer 9

change in one or more genes

Question 10

What is fertilization

Answer 10

process by which two gametes fuse to become a zygote

Question 11

What is frameshift

Answer 11

genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA

Question 12

What is gamete

Answer 12

reproductive cell of an animal or plant

Question 12

What is Gene

Answer 12

basic unit of heredity

Question 13

What is genetic code

Answer 13

instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein.

Question 14

What is independent assortment

Answer 14

how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

Question 14

What is haploid

Answer 14

cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

Question 15

What is genetic variation

Answer 15

variation in the DNA sequence in each of our genomes

Question 16

What is homologous chromosome

Answer 16

matched pairs containing the same genes in identical locations along their lengths

Question 17

What is insertion

Answer 17

A type of genetic change that involves the addition of a segment of DNA

Question 18

What is meiosis I

Answer 18

type of cell division unique to germ cells

Question 19

What is meiosis

Answer 19

type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

Question 20

What is monosomy

Answer 20

the condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells

Question 21

What is meiosis II

Answer 21

mitotic division of each of the haploid cells produced in meiosis I

Question 22

What is mutagen

Answer 22

Anything that causes a mutation

Question 23

What is mutation

Answer 23

change in the DNA

Question 24

What is nondisjunction

Answer 24

failure of the chromosomes to separate

Question 25

What is offspring

Answer 25

person’s child or children.

Question 26

What is parent cell

Answer 26

A cell that is the source of other cells

Question 27

What is replication

Answer 27

action of copying or reproducing something.

Question 27

What is point mutation

Answer 27

change within a gene in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is altered

Question 28

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 28

from the male parent fertilizes an egg from the female parent, producing an offspring

Question 29

What is somatic cell

Answer 29

the cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells

Question 30

What is substitution

Answer 30

a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

Question 31

What is trisomy

Answer 31

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body’s cells

Question 32

What is triat

Answer 32

a specific characteristic of an individual.