Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity

Question 1

Amino Acid

Answer 1

molecules that bond together to create proteins.

Question 2

Anti-Codon

Answer 2

a group of 3 nucleotide, creating genetic code in a transfer RNA, being the correspondent to the codon in the messenger RNA.

Question 3

Codon

Answer 3

a group of 3 nucleotide specifically in DNA or RNA molecules that code for a specific amino acid.

Question 4

Cell Type

Answer 4

groups of cells differentiated from the different types of functions and properties they each have.

Question 5

Cell Differentiation

Answer 5

the process of a young immature cell takes on individual traits to reach their maturity and function properly.

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

23 pairs of threaded structures located inside the nucleus of cells, 46 in all.

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

the vicious liquid surrounding the inside of the cell composed of water, salts and various organic materials.

Question 8

Cytosine

Answer 8

forming base pairs by forming bonds with guanine and forming the specific genetic code observed in DNA and RNA strands.

Question 9

Deoxyribose

Answer 9

a sugar that is comprised of 5 carbon atoms, four oxygen atoms, and is formed together as a part in a DNA strand.

Question 10

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Answer 10

A strand that is comprised of the many animo acids (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine) in a double helix shape, comprising the genetic information for the development and survivability of the cell.

Question 11

Double Helix

Answer 11

a term used to visualize the physical structure and shape of the DNA strand.

Question 12

Enzyme

Answer 12

The catalyst of most of the chemical reactions in our body; the protein that speeds up chemical reactions in our body as a whole.

Question 13

Gene

Answer 13

The basic unit of heredity or the reason behind the offspring’s genetic background, passed from parent to child.

Question 14

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 14

an attraction between two atoms that are already connected and bonded with other chemicals.

Question 15

mRNA

Answer 15

Messenger RNA, a molecule that contains the instructions or recipe that the cells follow to make proteins, like a blueprint to a construction worker.

Question 16

RNA

Answer 16

Ribonucleic acid, carries out a variety of functions, from translating genetic information into the molecular machines creating the structures of the cell, regulating the activity and stabilizing genes during development.

Question 17

rRNA

Answer 17

ribosomal RNA, the molecule in cells that creates the part of the organelle known as a ribosome. This is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in Messenger RNA into protein.

Question 18

tRNA

Answer 18

a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. Serves as a link between the Messenger RNA molecule.

Question 19

Mutation

Answer 19

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism accidentally. usually results from errors in DNA replication during cell division.

Question 20

Nitrogenous Base

Answer 20

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base. The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.

Question 21

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 21

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes are enclosed inside of by the nucleus.

Question 22

Ribose

Answer 22

a sugar that is naturally produced by the body from food for energy.

Question 23

Nucleus

Answer 23

the storage or container of genetic information for the cell and as the cell’s control center.

Question 24

Phosphate Group

Answer 24

the portion of the DNA strand that provides structural support to the DNA strand so it doesn’t fall apart.

Question 25

Vesicle

Answer 25

a small fluid-filled bladder, that moves molecules, secrete liquids, encircle materials needed for survival, or regulate the pressure in the cell.