Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity Flashcards
Amino Acid
molecules that bond together to create proteins.
Anti-Codon
a group of 3 nucleotide, creating genetic code in a transfer RNA, being the correspondent to the codon in the messenger RNA.
Codon
a group of 3 nucleotide specifically in DNA or RNA molecules that code for a specific amino acid.
Cell Type
groups of cells differentiated from the different types of functions and properties they each have.
Cell Differentiation
the process of a young immature cell takes on individual traits to reach their maturity and function properly.
Chromosome
23 pairs of threaded structures located inside the nucleus of cells, 46 in all.
Cytoplasm
the vicious liquid surrounding the inside of the cell composed of water, salts and various organic materials.
Cytosine
forming base pairs by forming bonds with guanine and forming the specific genetic code observed in DNA and RNA strands.
Deoxyribose
a sugar that is comprised of 5 carbon atoms, four oxygen atoms, and is formed together as a part in a DNA strand.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
A strand that is comprised of the many animo acids (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine) in a double helix shape, comprising the genetic information for the development and survivability of the cell.
Double Helix
a term used to visualize the physical structure and shape of the DNA strand.
Enzyme
The catalyst of most of the chemical reactions in our body; the protein that speeds up chemical reactions in our body as a whole.
Gene
The basic unit of heredity or the reason behind the offspring’s genetic background, passed from parent to child.
Hydrogen Bond
an attraction between two atoms that are already connected and bonded with other chemicals.
mRNA
Messenger RNA, a molecule that contains the instructions or recipe that the cells follow to make proteins, like a blueprint to a construction worker.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid, carries out a variety of functions, from translating genetic information into the molecular machines creating the structures of the cell, regulating the activity and stabilizing genes during development.
rRNA
ribosomal RNA, the molecule in cells that creates the part of the organelle known as a ribosome. This is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in Messenger RNA into protein.
tRNA
a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. Serves as a link between the Messenger RNA molecule.
Mutation
a change in the DNA sequence of an organism accidentally. usually results from errors in DNA replication during cell division.
Nitrogenous Base
A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base. The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.
Nuclear Membrane
a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes are enclosed inside of by the nucleus.
Ribose
a sugar that is naturally produced by the body from food for energy.
Nucleus
the storage or container of genetic information for the cell and as the cell’s control center.
Phosphate Group
the portion of the DNA strand that provides structural support to the DNA strand so it doesn’t fall apart.
Vesicle
a small fluid-filled bladder, that moves molecules, secrete liquids, encircle materials needed for survival, or regulate the pressure in the cell.
