Unit 3- Learning

Question 1

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 1

Something that elicits a natural response or reaction

Question 2

Unconditional Response

Answer 2

A response that occurs naturally

Question 3

Neutral stimulus

Answer 3

Trigger which the conditioned response is tied and associated with

Question 4

What does the neutral stimulus become?

Answer 4

The conditioned stimulus

Question 5

Acquisition

Answer 5

New behavior that has been obtained

Question 6

What’s important for conditioning to take place?

Answer 6

Sequencing and time

Question 7

Extinction

Answer 7

The process of unlearning a behavior

Question 8

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 8

An extinguisher response that reappears with the presentation of the conditioned stimulus

Question 9

Generalization

Answer 9

Sometimes after conditioning similar stimuli will elicit the same response as the CS

Question 10

Discrimination

Answer 10

Subjects can tell the difference between various stimuli

Question 11

Emotional conditioning

Answer 11

Applying conditioning principles to human behavior

Question 12

Averse Conditioning

Answer 12

Conditioning which creates a negative response

Question 13

Classical conditioning

Answer 13

Learning based on stimulus and response

Question 14

Operant Conditioning

Answer 14

Based on punishment and reward

Question 15

Law of Effect

Answer 15

Consequence will decrease or strengthen the likelihood of a behavior

Question 16

Reinforcement

Answer 16

Creating or shaping a behavior

Question 17

Avoidance learning

Answer 17

Enables one to avoid the unpleasant stimulus all together

Question 18

Escape Learning

Answer 18

Allows one to terminate an aversive stimulus

Question 19

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 19

Adding something you like to create/shape a behavior

Question 20

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 20

Take away something you hate to create/shape a behavior

Question 21

Punishment

Answer 21

Stop a behavior

Question 22

Positive punishment

Answer 22

Adding something you hate to stop a behavior

Question 23

Negative Punishment

Answer 23

Take away something you like to stop a behavior

Question 24

Primary Reinforcement

Answer 24

Something rewarding

Question 25

Secondary Reinforcement

Answer 25

Things we have learned to value

Question 26

Generalized Reinforcer

Answer 26

Something that can be traded

Question 27

Continuous

Answer 27

Reinforced every time

Question 28

Partial Reinforcement

Answer 28

Not reinforced every time

Question 29

Fixed Ratio Schedule

Answer 29

Reinforcement given only after a fixed number of responses

Question 30

Variable Ratio Schedule

Answer 30

Reinforcement is given after a varying number of responses is given

Question 31

Fixed interval schedule

Answer 31

Reinforcement is given after specific amount of time

Question 32

Variable interval schedule

Answer 32

Reinforcement given after varying lengths of time

Question 33

What method should be used to learn abstract or subtle things?

Answer 33

Cognitive approach

Question 34

How does motivation affect learning?

Answer 34

We generally learn more when we are motivated for doing so

Question 35

Phobias

Answer 35

Usually develop in relation to some kind of natural danger

Question 36

How does expectation for something influence learning?

Answer 36

If we think we won’t be able to do it, we probably won’t try.

Question 37

Cognitive map

Answer 37

Ability to form mental images of where they are in the environment