Unit 3 Key Area 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do weeds, pests, and diseases all have a negative impact on food production?

A
  • Weeds compete with crop plants for natural resources
  • pests and diseases cause damage to crop plants
    Both of these reduce the productivity of the crop plants.
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2
Q

What are the different types of weeds?

A
  • Annual weeds
  • perennial weeds
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3
Q

What are some of the key properties of annual weeds?

A
  • Rapid growth
  • Short life cycle
  • High seed output
  • Long term seed viability (the seeds are able to stay alive for long periods of time)
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4
Q

What are some of the properties of perennial weeds?

A
  • Storage organs
  • vegetative reproduction
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5
Q

What are the different ways of controlling weeds, pests and diseases by cultural methods?

A
  • Ploughing
  • weeding
  • Crop rotation (changing the times of year at which you grow certain crops)
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6
Q

What are the different types of pesticides/herbicides?

A
  • Selective pesticides
  • Systemic pesticides
    (when we say pesticides in this context this also includes herbicides)
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7
Q

In what situation might we use selective herbicides?

A

Selective herbicides have a greater effect on certain kinds of plants such as in killing broad leaved weeds

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8
Q

What does a systemic herbicide do?

A

A systemic herbicide will spread through the vascular system of the weed and prevent regrowth

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9
Q

What do systemic pesticides do?

A

Systemic pesticides spread through the vascular system of the plant killing any pests that feed on the plant

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10
Q

What are some of the problems with using pesticides?

A
  • pesticides have toxicity to non-target species
  • pesticides bioaccumulate and biomagnify in food chains this causes damage to the ecosystem
  • excessive use of pesticides can cause a population of pesticide resistant pests to develop
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11
Q

What is bioaccumulation?

A

Bioaccumulation is the build up of a chemical in an organism

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12
Q

What is biomagnification?

A

The increase in the concentration of a chemical between trophic levels of a food chain

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13
Q

Describe the process of biological control?

A

In biological control the control agent is a natural predator, pathogen, or parasite to the pest species.

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14
Q

What is meant by integrated pest management?

A

Integrated pest management is a combination of chemical, biological, and cultural control. (a balance of all three methods of reducing pests)

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