UNIT 3 - KA3

Question 1

What are the three things scientific reports should contain

Answer 1

1 - explanatory title
2 - an abstract
3 - an introduction

Question 2

Explanatory title

Answer 2

A title should provide a succinct explanation of the study

Question 3

An abstract

Answer 3

Should outline the aims and findings of the study

Question 4

An introduction

Answer 4

explaining the purpose and context of the study including the use of several sources, supporting statements, citations, and references

Question 5

What should background information be

Answer 5

Background information should be clear, relevant and unambiguous.

Question 6

What must the aim link

Answer 6

An aim must link the independent and dependent variables.

Question 7

What should the introduction provide any information required to support

Answer 7

The introduction should provide any information required to support: choices of
method, results, and discussion

Question 8

What should an introduction explain

Answer 8

An introduction should explain why the study has been carried out and place the study in the context of existing understanding

Question 9

What should happen to key points in an introduction

Answer 9

Key points should be summarised and supporting contradictory information identified

Question 10

Why should several sources be selected

Answer 10

Several sources should be selected to support statements

Question 11

Which form should citations and references be in

Answer 11

Citations and references should be in a standard form

Question 12

What should happen to decisions regarding basic selection of study methods

Answer 12

Decisions regarding basic selection of study methods and organisms should be covered, as should the aims and hypotheses

Question 13

What should a method selection contain

Answer 13

A method section should contain sufficient information to allow another investigator to
repeat the work

Question 14

What should experimental design address

Answer 14

Experimental design should address the intended aim and test the hypothesis

Question 15

What should happen to the validity and reliability of experimental design

Answer 15

The validity and reliability of the experimental design should be evaluated

Question 16

When is an experimental design invalid

Answer 16

An experimental design that does not address the intended aim or test the hypothesis is invalid

Question 17

What should treatment effects be compared to

Answer 17

Treatment effects should be compared to controls

Question 18

What should happen to any confounding variables

Answer 18

Any confounding variables should be taken into account or standardised across
treatments

Question 19

When may the validity of an experiment be compromised

Answer 19

The validity of an experiment may be compromised when factors other than the
independent variable influence the value of the dependent variable

Question 20

What is selection bias

Answer 20

Selection bias is the selection of a sample in a non-random way, so that the sample is not
representative of the whole population.

Question 21

What can selection bias prevent

Answer 21

Selection bias may have prevented a representative sample being selected

Question 22

What May sample size not be sufficient enough to decide

Answer 22

Sample size may not be sufficient to decide without bias whether the change to the
independent variable has caused an effect in the dependent variable.

Question 23

How should data be presented in results

Answer 23

In results, data should be presented in a clear, logical manner suitable for analysis.

Question 24

What are statistical tests

Answer 24

Statistical tests are used to determine whether the differences between the means
are likely or unlikely to have occurred by chance

Question 25

What is a statistically significant result

Answer 25

A statistically significant result is one that is unlikely to be due to chance alone

Question 26

What do error bars indicate

Answer 26

Error bars indicate the variability of data around a mean

Question 27

What does it indicate of the treatment mean differs from the control mean

Answer 27

If the treatment mean differs from the control mean sufficiently for their error bars not to overlap, this indicates that the difference may be significant

Question 28

What should conclusions refer to

Answer 28

Conclusions should refer to the aim, the results and the hypothesis

Question 29

What aspects of the experimental design should be taken into account

Answer 29

The validity and reliability of the experimental design should be taken into account

Question 30

What consideration should be given about the results

Answer 30

Consideration should be given as to whether the results can be attributed to correlation or causation

Question 31

What should evaluation of conclusions also refer to

Answer 31

Evaluation of conclusions should also refer to existing knowledge and the results of other investigations

Question 32

What would meaningful scientific discussion include

Answer 32

Meaningful scientific discussion would include consideration of findings in the context of existing knowledge and the results of other investigations.

Question 33

What should scientific writing reveal an awareness of

Answer 33

Scientific writing should reveal an awareness of the contribution of scientific research to increasing scientific knowledge, and to the social, economic and industrial life of the community

Question 34

In results how should data be presented

Answer 34

In results, data should be presented in a clear, logical manner suitable for analysis.

Question 35

What should consideration be given to

Answer 35

Consideration should be given to the validity of outliers and anomalous results