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ADVANCED HIGHER BIOLOGY > UNIT 3 - KA2 > Flashcards

UNIT 3 - KA2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Validity

A

variables controlled so that any measured effect is likely to be due to the independent variable.

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2
Q

Reliability

A

consistent values in repeats and independent replicates.

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3
Q

Accuracy

A

data, or means of data sets, are close to the true value.

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4
Q

Precision

A

measured values are close to each other.

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5
Q

What is a pilot study used for

A

Integral to the development of an investigation, a pilot study is used to help plan procedures, assess validity and check techniques

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6
Q

what are the benefits of a pilot study

A

This allows evaluation and modification of experimental design

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7
Q

What does the use of a pilot study ensure

A

The use of a pilot study can ensure an appropriate range of values for the independent variable

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8
Q

What do pilot study allow the investigator to establish

A

In addition, it allows the investigator to establish the number of repeat measurements required to give a representative value for each independent datum point

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9
Q

What is an independent variable

A

An independent variable is the variable that is changed in a scientific experiment.

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10
Q

What is a dependant variable

A

A dependent variable is the variable being measured in a scientific experiment.

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11
Q

What can independent and dependant variables be

A

Independent and dependent variables can be continuous or discrete

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12
Q

What should be manipulated in experiments

A

Experiments involve the manipulation of the independent variable by the investigator

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13
Q

What is the experimental treatment group compared to

A

The experimental treatment group is compared to a control group

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14
Q

Negative control

A

Provides results in the absence of a treatment

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15
Q

Positive control

A

A treatment that is included to check that the system can detect a positive result when it occurs

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16
Q

What does the control of laboratory conditions allow

A

The control of laboratory conditions allows simple experiments to be conducted more easily than in the field.

17
Q

What is a drawback of a simple experiment

A

However, a drawback of a simple experiment is that its findings may not be applicable to a wider setting.

18
Q

What is a simple experimental design

A

One independent variable

19
Q

What is a multifactorial experiment

A

More than one independent variable

20
Q

What does a multifactorial experiment involve

A

A multifactorial experiment involves a combination of more than one independent variable or combination of treatments.

21
Q

What is the placebo effect

A

Placebo effect is a measurable change in the dependent variable as a result of a patient’s expectations, rather than changes in the independent variable.

22
Q

What is in vitro technique

A

In vitro refers to the technique of performing a given procedure in a controlled environment outside of a living organism

23
Q

What are examples of in vitro experiments

A

Examples of in vitro experiments: cells growing in culture medium, proteins in solution, purified organelles.

24
Q

What is in Vivo

A

In vivo refers to experimentation using a whole living organism

25
Q

What are advantages of in vitro

A
  • provide data for effects in whole organisms
  • allows study of complex interactions
26
Q

What are disadvantages of in vitro

A
  • expensive and time consuming
  • ethical and legislative concerns
  • difficult to control confounding variables
  • results difficult to interpret
  • difficult to prove causation
27
Q

What are advantages of in vivo

A
  • simpler and less expensive
  • easier to control confounding variables
  • interpretation of results is simpler
  • can demonstrate correlation and causation
28
Q

What are disadvantages of in vivo

A
  • difficult to extend
  • result to whole organisms or different species
  • difficult to model complex interactions
29
Q

What happens when it is impractical to measure every individual

A

Where it is impractical to measure every individual, a representative sample of the population is selected

ADVANCED HIGHER BIOLOGY (15 decks)

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