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Ancient World Civilization - - Meltebrink > Unit 3 - India > Flashcards

Unit 3 - India Flashcards

1
Q

Yoga was originally developed as a discipline in Hinduism?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Did Alexander the Great cause the collapse of the Gupta Empire?

A

No

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3
Q

Where is Zen Buddhism popular?

A

Japan

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4
Q

Identify and explain the historical significance of Reincarnation. - - How did it affect Dharma and karma?

A

~Rebirth of a soul in another form.
~Series of lives continue until moksha is achieved.
~Dharma (duty) and karma (consequences) are the 2 main factors. If they fulfilled their dharma they received good karma which meant reincarnated into a higher caste
~Influenced the social structure in India.

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5
Q

What are religious myths written in Sanskrit by the Aryans?

A

Vedas

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6
Q

Why did the Harappan civilization decline around 1700 BC?

A

The Indus River gradually changed its course

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7
Q

This group enjoyed the highest level of respect in the caste system.

A

Brahmins

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8
Q

Identify and explain the historical significance of the 4 Noble truths?

A

~Life involves suffering and sorrow
~Suffering is caused by the pursuit of pleasure
~Forsaking desire frees people from suffering
~Eightfold path leads to nirvana

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9
Q

Identify and explain the historical significances of the Gupta Empire.

A

~Weak empire was established about 500 years after the end of the Mauryan Empire
~Unity was briefly restored in northern India
~Collapse was caused by invading Huns

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10
Q

Discuss the development of Buddhism. How is this religion both similar and different from Hinduism? How do Buddhists view the world? Which regions and groups of people have embraced Buddhism?

A

~Siddhartha Gautama found enlightenment while meditating under a tree (Buddha)
~Buddhism and Hinduism both believe in reincarnation and a peaceful escape from the physical world
~Buddhism does not recognize Hindu gods or the caste system
~Four Noble truths emphasize the painful nature of life and the pursuit of nirvana
~Buddhism became popular among women and the poor in eastern India, China, Ceylon, and Japan.

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11
Q

What is the title which means “Enlightened One.”

A

Buddha

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12
Q

What are the 2 largest cities in the Harappa civilization?

A

Harappa

Mohenjodaro

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13
Q

What empire united the small kingdoms in northern India for the first time?

A

Maura new Empire

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14
Q

Describe the Aryans and the civilization that they established in northern India. Discuss their religion, settlement patterns, and government. Why are the Aryans significant in the history of India?

A

~Nomadic Aryans entered India through the Khyber Pass
~Aryans believed in many natural gods and recorded their religious myths in the Vedas
~Brahmins preserved the Vedas and performed sacrificial rituals
~Aryans first settled in small villages which eventually became city-states
~Each city-state was ruled by a raja
~Development of Hinduism

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15
Q

What group was excluded from the caste system?

A

Pariahs

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16
Q

Are the Himalayas the highest mountain range in the world?

A

YES

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17
Q

Who is the most important Buddhist leader in Tibet?

A

Dalai Lama

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18
Q

Do Hindus believe that moksha cannot be achieved in one lifetime?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Name the pass providing access to India through the Hindu Kush Mountains.

A

Khyber Pass

20
Q

Did Asoka turn away from warfare when he converted to Buddhism?

A

YES

21
Q

Are Clay trade seals the only remnants of Harappan writing?

A

Yes

22
Q

What is the river sacred in Hinduism?

A

Ganges River

23
Q

Name the empire that united the small kingdoms in northern India for the first time.

A

Mauryan Empire

24
Q

Did Aryans frequently offer human sacrifices to their gods?

A

No

25
Q

Who were the Aryans - how did they affect the development of India?

A

~nomads who entered northern India through the Khyber Pass

~Vedas which were religious myths, led to the development of Hinduism (Upanishads)

26
Q

Has Buddhism become the most popular religion in India?

A

No

27
Q

Did Asoka become the first Indian emperor by conquering rival kingdoms?

A

No

28
Q

What is Hinduism’s one true being which is manifested in many gods and living things?

A

Brahman

29
Q

Identify and explain the historical significance of Edicts of Asoka.

A

~Stone pillars were erected near the frontiers of Asoka’s empire.
~Stone pillars displayed laws and spiritual reflections of Asoka.
~Evidence of Asoka’s beliefs and practices.

30
Q

Is the central symbol of Buddhism a wheel?

A

Yes

31
Q

Who became known as the Buddha by meditating under a tree to find enlightenment?

A

Siddhartha Gautama

32
Q

Did Asoka pardon many criminals?

A

YES

33
Q

What do they call the self or soul of an individual in Hinduism?

A

Atman

34
Q

What river is sacred in Hinduism?

A

Ganges River

35
Q

What term refers to the duty performed by an individual in Hinduism?

A

Dharma

36
Q

What ceremonial language was used by the Aryans?

A

Sanskrit

37
Q

What was the official title of the king who ruled an Aryan city-state?

A

Raja

38
Q

Describe the Harappan civilization. What is the importance of agriculture and trade? Why are the cities built by this civilization so impressive? Why did the Harappan civilization disappear?

A

~Indus and Saraswati Rivers flooded twice every year (fertile land)
~Surpluses of wheat and barley allowed trade with Mesopotamia
~Merchants’ personal seals are the only remnants of Harappan writing
~Harappa and Mohenjodaro were the 2 largest cities
~Strong bricks hardened in kilns, wide city streets in grid patterns, citadels, pubic baths, and sewers indicate a strong central government.

39
Q

Who is the most important Buddhist leader in Tibet?

A

Adlai Lama

40
Q

Which river was the center of the Harappan civilization?

A

Indus River

41
Q

Did Chandragupta turn away from warfare when he converted to Buddhism?

A

No

42
Q

What is the term for an escape from self, suffering and reincarnation in Buddhism?

A

Nirvana

43
Q

What refers to the consequences for the behavior of an individual?

A

Karma

44
Q

What are the wind patterns that bring heavy rainfall to India during the summer called?

A

Monsoons

45
Q

Were the Upanishads written interpretations of the Vedas?

A

YES

46
Q

Does Buddhism recognize the Hindu caste system?

A

No

Ancient World Civilization - - Meltebrink (8 decks)

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