Unit 3 - Homeostasis (4)

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

controls responses to the external environment

coordinates the functions of internal organs

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

transmits information between the central nervous system and the sensory receptors, muscles, and glands (effectors)
sensory (afferent) = carries information from sensory receptors to CNS
motor (efferent) = carries messages from the CNS to effector cells

Question 3

Types of motor nerves

Answer 3

somatic = voluntary or reflex signals to skeletal muscle
autonomic = involuntary control of smooth and cardiac muscle and of organ systems

Question 4

Types of autonomic nerves

Answer 4

sympathetic = increases energy expenditures, accelerates the heart, metabolic rate and prepares you for action
parasympathetic = promotes activities that gain or store energy (stimulating digestion, slowing heart rate)

Question 5

Central nervous system

Answer 5

processes information
hollow and contains cerebrospinal fluid
composed of spinal cord and the brain
spinal cord = controls reflex responses to certain stimuli, carries information to and from the brain

Question 6

Hindbrain

Answer 6

medulla oblongata and pons = controls autonomic systems such as breathing, circulation, digestion, axons descending through the medulla cross over so the right brain controls the left side of the body
cerebellum = controls coordination of movement, helps the motor cortex to fine tune the movements

Question 7

Midbrain

Answer 7

transfers incoming and outgoing impulses between the hindbrain and forebrain

Question 8

Forebrain

Answer 8

thalamus = transmits incoming sensory information to the appropriate higher brain centers
hypothalamus = makes the posterior pituitary hormones, makes releases hormones for the anterior pituitary, is the body’s thermostat, regulates hunger and eating, thirst and drinking, and basic survival functions
cerebrum = largest and most complex part of the human brain, the cortex is highly folded to increase surface area and is divided into lobes

Question 9

Frontal lobe

Answer 9

intellectual activities and personality
Phineas Gage = metal rod through the skull, survived but left frontal lobe destroyed and suffered changes to behaviour and personality
motor cortex = rear portion, controls all voluntary movement

Question 10

Broca’ area

Answer 10

region near motor cortex that controls mouth and face, needed for language

Question 11

Temporal lobe

Answer 11

vision and hearing

memory and sensory interpretation

Question 12

Wernicke’s area

Answer 12

back of the temporal lobe, needed for understanding written and spoken language

Question 13

Parietal lobe

Answer 13

touch, temperature, and pain sensation
sensory cortex = front part of the parietal lobe, interprets information from sensory receptors
homunculus concept = illustration of a person with body parts scaled to the size of their sensory cortex region

Question 14

Occipital lobe

Answer 14

interprets vision

Question 15

Brain sidedness

Answer 15

each hemisphere is dedicated to the opposite side of the body
a stroke that damages one brain hemisphere will cause paralysis to the opposite side of the body
the hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum