Unit 3: Grammar Questions Flashcards
What is one definition of cardinal?
Most important.
What are cardinal numbers?
Cardinal numbers are counting numbers.
1, 2, 3, 4,…..
What do ordinal numbers do?
Ordinal numbers order things in a series.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th,….
Do Latin cardinal and ordinal numbers usually go before or after the noun?
They usually precede (go before) the noun.
What verb NEVER takes a direct object?
The “to be” verb…sum.
What is the predicate?
The predicate is the part of the sentence that contains the verb.
What are the two parts of a sentence?
A subject and a predicate.
The _________ is who or what the sentence is about.
subject
The __________ tells what the subject is or does.
predicate
Verb families are called __________ .
conjugations
Noun families are called ___________ .
declensions
How many declensions are there?
5
Give the four attributes of nouns
declension, gender, number, case
The three noun genders are _______________ .
masculine, feminine, neuter
Nouns that name male and female persons have __________ gender.
natural
Nouns that name non-living things have ___________ gender.
grammatical
First declension nouns are usually __________ in gender.
feminine
Three important exceptions to the 1st declension gender rule are _______________ .
agricola, poeta, nauta
The genitive singular of the 1st declension is ______ .
ae
The genitive singular of the 2nd declension is _____ .
i
Latin does not have the English articles ________ .
a, an, the
Second declension “us” nouns are usually __________ in gender.
masculine
Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, with their genders.
1) __________________
2) __________________
1) us- masculine
2) um- neuter
Verbs have tense and nouns have ________ endings.
case
Verbs have ________ and nouns have case endings.
tense
Second declension “um” nouns are always __________ in gender.
neuter
The declension a noun belongs to is determined by the ___________________ case.
genitive singular
How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?
drop the genitive singular ending
What is the subject case?
nominative
What is the direct object case?
accusative
What is the indirect object case?
dative
What is the possessive case?
genitive
What is the “in/by/ with/ from” case?
ablative
What is the “to/for” case?
dative
What is the “of” case?
genitive
What is the predicate nominative case?
nominative
What is the predicate adjective case?
nominative
Define adjective.
A word that modifies/describes a noun or pronoun.
In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in _________ , _________ , and _________ , but not ___________ .
gender, number, and case, but not declension
Usually an adjective of _____________ precedes a noun, and an adjective of ____________ follows the noun.
quantity or size
quality
Counting numbers are called __________ .
cardinal
Numbers which indicate the order of things in a series are called ____________ .
ordinal
Both cardinal and ordinal numbers are what part of speech?
adjectives
A sentence has two main parts: the __________ and the ___________ .
subject
predicate
A noun that follows a linking verb and renames the subject is a ______________________________ .
predicate nominative
An adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject is a _________________ .
predicate adjective
Give the neuter rule (2 parts)
- the nominative and accusative case forms are the same
- the nominative and accusative plural case ending is “-a”
The table is new.
Mensa est nova.
Mary is a girl.
Maria est puella.
The towns were large.
Oppida erant magna.
Terra est bona.
The earth is good.
Marcus will be a sailor.
Marcus erit nauta.
The words are eternal.
Verba sunt aeterna.
Marcus is a good friend.
Marcus est amicus bonus.
The fourth lamb is small.
Quartus agnus est parvus.
Five horses will be new.
Quinque equi erunt novi.
Marcus is a new friend.
Marcus est amicus novus.
Latin is a language of _________ and __________ .
stems and endings
Always in Latin and usually in English, “c” is soft before _____ , ______ , ________ , and ________ .
i, e, ae, oe
Always in Latin and usually in English, “c” is hard before _____ , _______ , _______ , and consonants.
a, o, u
