Unit 3 Geography Test Notes

Question 1

What system was implemented at the Niagara Escarpment quarries to support sustainability?

Answer 1

A groundwater recharge/refill system.

Question 2

How does quarry restoration benefit ecosystems?

Answer 2

By feeding fish, planting vegetation, and engaging in water systems.

Question 3

Define renewable natural resources & examples.

Answer 3

Resources that can replace themselves within one’s lifetime, e.g., water, oxygen, the sun.

Question 4

Define non-renewable natural resources & examples.

Answer 4

Resources that cannot be replaced once used, e.g., minerals, gasoline, paper.

Question 5

Name three groups of natural resources and examples from each.

Answer 5

Living: Fruits, vegetables.
Water: Used for drinking, washing.
Energy: Oil, wood, moving water.

Question 6

What is the main source of hydrogen extraction?

Answer 6

95% of hydrogen comes from fossil fuels or wind energy.

Question 7

Name two uses of hydrogen.

Answer 7

Heating homes and powering bikes/cars.

Question 8

What percentage of Canada’s forests are softwood trees?

Answer 8

66%

Question 9

What percentage of Canada’s forests are hardwood trees?

Answer 9

12%

Question 10

What are the three types of logging?

Answer 10

Clear cutting, shelterwood, and selective cutting.

Question 11

What are the problems with forestry?

Answer 11

Soil erosion, Habitat loss, clogged rivers.

Question 12

Why are forests considered a renewable source ?

Answer 12

Forests are considered a s a renewable resource because you can cut down trees multiple times and they’ll still gro back.

Question 13

What is “purse seine” fishing, and what is its impact?

Answer 13

Circling fish with a net; it crushes sea turtles in the catch.

Question 14

What is “gill netting” fishing, and what is its impact?

Answer 14

Passing fish caught in the net; damages fish scales & skin during removal and catching.

Question 15

What is “otter trawling” fishing, and what is its impact?

Answer 15

A sea-floor dragging net; changes the balance of species abundance.

Question 16

What is Offshore?

Answer 16

Large ships, variety of gears, company-owned with 15% of fishers, who catch 90% of fish.

Question 17

What Is Inshore?

Answer 17

Carry small boats and limited gear, employ 80% of self-employed fishers who catch 10% of fish.

Question 18

Why are the Grand Banks a popular fishing location?

Answer 18

Nutrient-rich water supports abundant fish and plankton.

Question 19

What happened to the population of Newfoundland when the cod fishery closed?

Answer 19

Around 30,000 jobs were lost, and 60,000 Newfoundlanders left the province over the next 10 years.

Question 20

Which population pyramid does the closure of the cod fishery relate to?

Answer 20

It relates to a constrictive pyramid.

Question 21

What does TAC stand for, and how is it related to fishing?

Answer 21

TAC stands for “Total Allowable Catch,” which limits fishing volumes.

Question 22

What are Canada’s five main agricultural products?

Answer 22

Grain & Oilseeds (34%), Red Meats (27%), Dairy (12%), Horticulture (9%), Poultry & Eggs (8%).

Question 23

What percentage of Canada’s land is suitable for agriculture?

Answer 23

Only 11%

Question 24

Why is farmland considered non-renewable?

Answer 24

Farmland cannot be replenished once soil is sealed or urbanized.

Question 25

What is soil sealing and its impact?

Answer 25

Soil sealing is covering soil with impermeable materials, causing permanent loss of soil functionality.

Question 26

How does carbon sequestration in soil benefit the environment?

Answer 26

It helps prevent carbon from entering the atmosphere.

Question 27

Where is the CCZ located, and why is it significant?

Answer 27

In the South Pacific Ocean between Hawaii and Mexico; it contains rare minerals.

Question 28

What is the main location for mining in Canada?

Answer 28

The Canadian Shield.

Question 29

What are some environmental impacts of mining?

Answer 29

Habitat destruction, water pollution, and disrupted ecosystems.

Question 30

What was used as currency by miners during the gold rush?

Answer 30

Gold dust.

Question 31

What mining technique marked the beginning of the gold rush?

Answer 31

Hand mining, using a dish to rinse through rocks with river water.

Question 32

When did The Metals Company (TMC) receive authorization for a deep-sea mining trial?

Answer 32

September 2022.

Question 33

What are the environmental effects of the oil industry?

Answer 33

Water pollution, tailing ponds, and changes to landscapes.

Question 34

When does TMC plan to apply for an exploitation license for full-scale mining operations?

Answer 34

In 2023, with potential operations starting by the end of 2024.

Question 35

What are the three main methods of oil extraction?

Answer 35

Drilling, open-pit mining, and in-situ recovery.

Question 36

What are the 2 major pipelines in Canada ?

Answer 36

Trans Mountain Pipeline & Kinder Morgan Pipeline

Question 37

What is Bitumen?

Answer 37

Thick substance that needs to be extracted from oil sands to extract oil.

Question 38

What are the eight main energy sources?

Answer 38

Solar, hydro, wind, tidal wave, nuclear, geothermal, coal, and biomass

Question 39

What percentage of Canada’s energy comes from fossil fuels?

Answer 39

Only 33%

Question 40

How does nuclear power work?

Answer 40

Uranium atoms split (fission), releasing heat that produces steam to spin a turbine and generate electricity.

Question 41

What are the pros of nuclear power?

Answer 41

Low carbon emissions and improved safety technology.

Question 42

What are the cons of nuclear power?

Answer 42

No safe disposal for radioactive waste and potential weaponization.