Unit 3: Genetics

Question 1

Alleles

Answer 1

Variations of genes

Question 2

asexual reproduction

Question 3

autosomes

Question 4

carrier

Question 5

cell cycle

Question 6

centromere

Answer 6

centre part of chromosomes

Question 7

chromatin

Answer 7

DNA wound around histone proteins.

Question 8

chromosome

Answer 8

Wound up chromatin

Question 9

cross over

Answer 9

A form of genetic recombination where genes cross over to homolougous chromosomes when in a tetrad.

Question 10

deletion

Answer 10

A portion of a chromosome is lost. error at the chromosome level.

Question 11

dihybrid

Answer 11

dihybrid crosses have multipe variable traits. Parental generation gives birth to filial generation. 3:1 F2 generation traits are mendellian ratio.

Question 12

diploid

Question 13

dominant

Question 14

epigenetics

Answer 14

egg and sperm form various organs after fertilization

Question 15

gametes

Question 16

gene locus

Question 17

genotype

Answer 17

A person’s genetic traits. Received from parents

Question 18

genes

Answer 18

A group of three nitrous bases making up a part of a trait.

Question 19

haploid

Question 20

hereditary

Question 21

heterozygous

Question 22

histones

Question 23

homologous chromosomes

Answer 23

Chromosomes with the same genes from your mom and dad

Question 24

homozygous

Question 25

incomplete dominance

Answer 25

A cross between two phenotypes creates a third phenotype, usually between the two dominant phenotypes. (both capitals: R=red R'=white RR'=pink)

Question 26

insertion

Question 27

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 28

inversion

Answer 28

gene segment is reinserted into its chromosome in reverse order. Error at chromosome level.

Question 29

Karyotype

Answer 29

A full set of an individual's chromosomes

Question 30

law of independent assortment

Answer 30

The inheritance of Alleles for one trait does not affect the inheritance of alleles for another trait. (Mendel's laws of heredity)

Question 31

law of segregation

Answer 31

Genes exist in two or more forms (alleles). We receive 1 allele from each parent randomly. The alleles of our parents separate during gamete formation and are randomly given to us (Mendel's laws of heredity)

Question 32

meiosis

Question 33

mitosis

Question 34

monohybrid

Answer 34

Organism with homozygous genotypes

Question 35

mutation

Question 36

Nitrogenous Bases

Answer 36

Thymene, Adenine, Cytosene, Guanine

Question 37

non-disjunction

Answer 37

Chromosomes don't separate during either DNA phase, causing one more or less chromosomes in a Karyotype. Error in Meiosis.

Question 38

nuclein

Answer 38

Compound that makes up DNA

Question 39

oogenesis

Answer 39

the creation of egg cells

Question 40

oogonium

Answer 40

diploid female germ cell

Question 41

Pentose Sugar

Question 42

Phenotype

Answer 42

An individual observable traits (both genotype and envionm)

Question 43

Phosphate Group

Question 44

polar bodies

Answer 44

infertile small egg cells, three for every oogonium.

Question 45

primary oocyte

Answer 45

large fertile egg cell

Question 46

probability

Question 47

Punnett square

Answer 47

Predicts outcome of a genetic cross. Dominant alleles code for a working protein while recessive genes do not. Shows probabilities of genetic (phenotypical and genotypical) presentations.

Question 48

purines

Question 49

pyrimidines

Question 50

recessive

Question 51

sex-influenced

Answer 51

Sex influenced traits appear differently in both sexes. e.g. xxbb = female slight-balding, xybb - male full balding, Bbxx - etc.

Question 52

sex-limited

Answer 52

Sex Limited traits are only expressed in one sex

Question 53

sex-linked

Answer 53

Thomas morgan studied fruit flies and determined some traits only exist on the X chromosome.

Question 54

sexual reproduction

Answer 54

Makes not genetically identical offspring formed by z haploid gametes meiosis forms gametes four haploid cells are produced

Question 55

sister chromatid

Question 56

somatic cells

Question 57

spermatogenesis

Answer 57

the creation of identically sized sperm cells

Question 58

synapsis

Question 59

telomere

Question 60

test cross

Question 61

tetrad

Answer 61

A group of two double chromosomes during meiosis

Question 62

trait

Answer 62

distinguishing characteristicf a species or organism

Question 63

trisomy

Question 64

zygotes