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AH Biology > Unit 3 From PPQs > Flashcards

Unit 3 From PPQs Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Statistically significant difference

A

Error bars do not overlap

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2
Q

Negative correlation

A

One factor increases, the other decreases

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3
Q

One factor increases, the other decreases

A

Negative correlation

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4
Q

Positive correlation

A

One factor increases, the other does too

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5
Q

One factor increases, the other does too

A

Positive correlation

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6
Q

Scattergraph reliability

A

Not reliable if many points lie far from line of best fit

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7
Q

Not reliable if many points lie far from line of best fit

A

Scattergraph reliability

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8
Q

Advantages of in vivo

A

Allows possible side effects to be shown

Allows effect of the drug/treatment on whole organism to be shown

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9
Q

Purpose of including a control

A

Comparison between drug and absense of drug

Gives baseline to measure the effect of the drug against

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10
Q

Comparison between drug and absense of drug

Gives baseline to measure the effect of the drug against

A

Purpose of placebo

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11
Q

Issue with patients administering drugs themselves in a drug trial

A

Decreases reliability as they may forget or not inject correctly

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12
Q

Purpose of randomised block design

A

Control confounding variables

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13
Q

Downside of randomised control groups

A

More time consuming

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14
Q

Stratified sampling

A

Population divided into categories and sampled proportionally

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15
Q

Population divided into categories and sampled proportionally

A

Stratified sampling

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16
Q

Why don’t placebos work for animals

A

They have no expectation

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17
Q

Reducing harm when using animals

A

Refinement - harm minimised

Reduction - minimum number of animals for validity

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18
Q

Do you need controls for each treatment

A

Yes if there is a different number of participants in each group

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19
Q

Review article

A

Compiles summarises of recent research in a particular field

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20
Q

Compiles summarises of recent research in a particular field

A

Review articles

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21
Q

Downside of observational studies

A

Cannot show causation

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22
Q

Accurate

A

Data close to true value

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23
Q

Data close to true value

A

Accurate

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24
Q

Precise

A

Dats has little variation

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25
Q

Dats has little variation

A

Precise

26
Q

Reliable

A

Replicates have consistent values

27
Q

Replicates have consistent values

A

Reliable

28
Q

Valid

A

Controlling variables

29
Q

Controlling variables

A

Valid

30
Q

Systematic sampling

A

Members of a population are selected at regular intervals

31
Q

Members of a population are selected at regular intervals

A

Systematic sampling

32
Q

Ecological sampling

A

Splitting up area and choosing random spots with randomised number generator

33
Q

Splitting up area and choosing random spots with randomised number generator

A

Ecological sampling

34
Q

Random sampling

A

Members of population have equal chance of selection

35
Q

Members of population have equal chance of selection

A

Random sampling

36
Q

Confidence interval

A

Indicates variability of data around mean

37
Q

Indicates variability of data around mean

A

Confidence interval

38
Q

“Statistically significant difference”

A

Must say increase or decrease!

39
Q

Pilot study

A

Allows modifications of experimental design

40
Q

Allows modifications of experimental design

A

Pilot study

41
Q

Representative sample must have what

A

Same mean as population as a whole

42
Q

Purpose of double blind design

A

Prevent bias

43
Q

Confounding variable

A

Any variable besides the independent that may affect dependant variable

44
Q

Any variable besides the independent that may affect dependant variable

A

Confounding variable

45
Q

Experiment that is developing a technique within a larger investigation

A

Pilot study

46
Q

Ethical considerations when using humans

A

Informed consent

Right to withdrawal data

Confidentiality

47
Q

Causes of negative result

A

Experiment carried out wrong

Hypothesis is wrong

48
Q

Negative result

A

Finding no effecr

49
Q

Positive control

A

Assesses the test validity

Checks the system can detect a positive result

50
Q

Assesses the test validity

Checks the system can detect a positive result

A

Positive conrrol

51
Q

Negative experiment

A

Checking false positives don’t occur

An absence of treatment

52
Q

In vivo

A

Whole, living organism

53
Q

In vitro

A

Preforming procedure in a controlled environment outside of a living organism

54
Q

In vivo advantages and disadvantages

A

Provides data for effects in whole organism

Expensive and time consuming

Difficult to control variables

55
Q

In vitro advantages and disadvantages

A

Simpler and less expensive

Interpretation of results is simpler

Difficult to extend results to whole organism or different species

Difficult to model complex interactions

56
Q

More variation in population requires what

A

Larger sample size

57
Q

Peer reviewed

A

Articles evaluated by experts in the field

58
Q

Articles evaluated by experts in the field

A

Peer reviewed

59
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of outbreak and spread of diseases

60
Q

Study of outbreak and spread of diseases

A

Epidemiology

61
Q
A

AH Biology (9 decks)

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