Unit 3 Fluency FACTS Flashcards
Salutary Neglect
Who: British, Colonists
What: Trade regulation + supervision remains loose when loyalty and cash flow remains strong
When: 1607-1763
Where: NA colonies
Why: Precedent of autonomy in colonial institutions
Albany Plan of Union
Who: Benjamin Franklin, Native Americans, Albany Congress Representatives
What: Franklin wanted a intercolonial defensive pact, shot down to protect autonomy
Where: Albany, New York
When:1754
Why: First failed attempt at unification, diverse interests and sectionalism
French and Indian War:
Who: British, Amer Colonists, French, NAI, Washington
What: Conflict over Ohio River valley, both sides with NAI allies. French loss - lose all land in NA
Where: Ohio River valley between Brit and French colonies
When: 1754-63
Why: French lose all power in NA, NAI lose factions to play off of, set stage for Amer Rev - War debt, troops, shift of property, untiy/nationalism
Pontiac’s Rebellion:
Who: Pontiac, General Thomas Gage
What: Ottowa Chief, Pontiac, led uprising after French and Indian War to oppose British expansion into West Ohio Valley. Led to Proclamation of 1763. Use of smallpox blankets against Native Americans at Fort Pitt
When: 1763
Where: great Lakes Region, Michigan
Why: English and French NAI relations, NAI loss of agency. Struggle against Euro expansion. Deteriorating relations between Great Britain and the colonies. Formation of vigilante groups - Paxton Boys.
Sons/Daughters of Liberty:
Who: Amer patriots who strove against Loyalists/British.
What: Threats, violence and protest against the Crown for Sons. Boston Tea party. Daughters organize boycotts or home-make British goods.
Where: Amer Colonies
When: 1765-76
Why: Instrumental in organizing effective resistance during eve of Revolution, against unfair taxation and financial limits
Stamp Act
Who: Parliament, Colonists, Sons of Liberty
What: Tax on all legal/official papers or publications in colonies
Where: Colonies, Great Britain, Boston
When: 1765-6
Why: Needed to pay off debt from F-I War, Colonists use non-importation in retaliation. Increased tension, colonists demand representation first
Republican Motherhood:
Who: Abigail Adams (Slay-queen), American Women
What: Attitudes on women; patriots daughters uphold republican ideals to pass onto next gen
Where: Early America
When: Early 18th Cent
Why: Did reinforce domestic sphere of women, but granted women some dignity and importance + drive for education.
Coercive Acts:
Who: Parliament and Colonists
What: Series of Acts that put “unneccessary strain”: Quartering Act, Administration of Justice Act, Closing Boston
Where: Boston, Brit Colonies in Amer
When: 1774
Why: Punish Amer colonies (Boston), confirmed Amer fears on British ‘liberty’. Unified American colony concern
Articles of Confederation:
Who: Original 13 Colonies rep, Second Continental Congress
What: Loose agreement among states that served as basic constitution
Where: Philadelphia, Penn
When: Created 1777, ratified in 81’
Why: Orig Constitution of US, created to affirm states liberty. Failed based on weak central power (Shay’s), replaced by Constitution
Shay’s Rebellion:
Who: Daniel shay, Indebted Farmers
What: Armed march to courthouse to shut down debtor’s prison, stopping banks from repossessing property and farms.
Where: Massachusetts
When: 1887
Why: Country in depression from overprinting money, put down by retired Washington. Showed fragility of the Articles of Confederation under crisis.
Northwest Ordinance
Who: Congress of the Confederation
What: Chartered a government for Northwest Territory, method for admitting new states to the Union, listed a bill of rights guaranteed in territory.
Where: Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota)
When: July 13, 1787
Why: Established the precedent of sovereign federal gov + expand westward with the admission of new states, rather than expansion of existing. Prohibition to the Civil War
Great Compromise
Who:Congress: small states v. large states, James Madison
What: Creates a Bicameral legislature, compromise between Virginia and New Jersey Plans
Where: United States
When: 1787
Why: Compromise between the large and small states, North and South, commerce and slavery
Federalist Papers:
Who: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
What: Collection of essays that supported ratification of the Constitution
Where: United States
When: 1788
Why: Division between Federalists and Anti-federalists. Addressed fears about the Constitution. Stated that it would strengthen the government and preserve natural rights.
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
Who: Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, Angry Farmers
What: Set of measures. Assumption of state and federal debt. Establish a national bank. Encourage manufacturing in the United States through taxation
Where: United States
When: 1790
Why: First real test of opposition to federal power. Reinforced the lines drawn between Feds and Anti Feds -> formation of the first political parties. Strengthen the federal government’s role in the national economy.
Jay’s Treaty
Who: British Government, U.S. Government, john Jay
What: Great Britain was to withdraw all ships from U.S. territory, U.S. to pay debt incurred before the Revolution, dual “most favored nation” status, opposed by Thomas Jefferson.
Where: United States
When: 1794
Why: Averted war with Great Britain over impressment (seizure of U.S. ships); required passage of the Pinckney treaty to appease Democratic-Republicans, infuriating to public
