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Intro Sociology > Unit 3 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 3 Exam Flashcards

Chapters 5-8 5 - Deviance 6 - Race/Ethnicity 7 - Sex/Gender 8 - Religion

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Absolutist deviance

A

someone who sees things as absolute.

i.e., once something is wrong, it is wrong. very cut and dry, black and white.

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2
Q

Statistical deviance

A

rarity of the occurrence of deviance happening. Looking at the likelihood of something happening.

(i.e., 1000 or 3/100,000 murders a year by guns.)

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3
Q

Deviance causes ___?

A

harm; not all deviance behaviors are criminal, all criminal behavior is deviant, but not all deviance is criminal.
(i.e., Martin Luther King marching…civil disobedience…
Looking at Gay/Straight guys calling one another names)

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4
Q

Deviance is ___?

A

criminal; its all about context
(looking at drinking in the football parking lots- Muir drinking for a softball game or thousands drinking with kids around for a football game.)

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5
Q

Deviance is also ___?

A

relative; what may be deviant for 18 y/o’s may not be deviant for 21 y/o’s.
What may be deviant for men, may not be deviant for women, vice versa.

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6
Q 
Types of deviance we study:
\_\_\_
\_\_\_
\_\_\_
\_\_\_
A

crime
sexual
violence
drugs and alcohol

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7
Q

Explanations of Social Problems-Alternative deviant

A

Lombroso and criminals are atavistic

Hooton and body type is key(looking at extra chromosome)

Bylinski and brain abnormalities

Lorenz and Human vs.Animal inhibitory behavior

BF Skinner and frustration aggression theory

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8
Q

Lombroso and criminals are atavistic

A

Positivist perspective, studied criminals and how their offspring will be criminal too.

Atavistic- if your parents are criminals, you will be too.

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9
Q

Hooton and body type is key

A

positivist (world is measurable)

Biological determinism- looking at how our biological behavior is already predetermined.

Studied criminals and atavistic behavior.

Short men/women produced sex crimes and Tall men/women murder…This cannot be true due to the generalization, we cannot generalize a population in this way.

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10
Q

Bylinski and brain abnormalities

A

Looking at brains and how deviant behavior can correlate with brain abnormalities.

Insane people will not know that they are insane, thus this is why we look. Non-insane people say they are insane.

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11
Q

Lorenz Humans vs. Animals inhibitory behavior

A

Animals exhibit inhibitory bevahior (the four F’s fuck, fear, fight or flight) - Looking at adrenaline levels.

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12
Q

BF Skinner and frustration- aggression theory

A

a stimulus response, you are reacting to a stimulus

Frustration Aggression Theory- suggests that w tend to lash out at people who re close to us. (i.e., number 1 killer of black men is black men, and number 1 killer of white men is white men.)

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13
Q

Strain Theory

A

most closely related to Functionalist theory, looking at a strain within the system and how specific institutions are effected.

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14
Q

Goal-means gap

A

the closer together the goals and the means are, the lower probability for deviance, but when goals are further apart, the increase of deviance

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15
Q

Illegitimate opportunity

A

Not doing something because we are morally driven not to

i.e., not taking a computer off of a library table abandoned, or taking a dog out of a car because the owner is gone.

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16
Q

Control theory

A

closely related to conflict theory.
Looking at social forces that are controlling our behavior

Best example is Law and Morals

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17
Q

Social bond and self control

A

socially conditioning us to have self control

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18
Q

Re-integrative shaming

A

re-integrating people back into society after they have done something bad.

(bumper sticker that says, “this person is a convicted drunk driver”)

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19
Q

Learning theory

A

closely related to symbolic interactionism, looking at how people use symbols or actions to learn how to act

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20
Q

Differential association

A

associating with different groups throughout the day, association may be deviant in different groups
(i.e., working at a fast food restaurant and then going out to work as a stripper.)

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21
Q

Differential reinforcement

A

our behavior is reinforced and modified in different ways and social contexts.

Looking at Bobo the Clown and how children are learning to act when watching or being told to do something.

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22
Q 
Which theoretical perspective is most closely related to control theory? 
A SI 
B Functionalism
C Conflict 
D Chaos
A

C Conflict

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23
Q

Labeling and stickiness of labels

A

Those who have power have the ability to label those not in power as deviant- and some embrace the stickiness of the labeling.

(i.e., when a gang member puts a teardrop on their face.)

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24
Q

Audience and Deviance acts:

A

we need audiences to add moral meaning to an act, it helps us state if the behavior is deviant or not.

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25
Q

Deviant behavior is___?

A

learned, nurturing act

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26
Q

Deviant acts ___?

A

happen in small groups; if a large group did something, it would be considered a norm.

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27
Q

Drives and motives for deviant acts?

A

Money, adrenaline rushes…

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28
Q

Deviance defies norms as?

A

favorable/unfavorable acts

favorable must outweigh the unfavorable acts- the reason we do something is because..?

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29
Q

Deviance and association:

A

Sociopaths v. Psychopaths

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30
Q

Race is a____?

A

social construct

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31
Q

Race can be used as a____?

A

oppressive act

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32
Q

There is not specific races, there is one___?

A

human race

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33
Q

Biologically, evolutionary, and socially we are all?

A

mutts, mix breeds

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34
Q

Stereotypes are based upon?

A

generalizations, saying that all people within a specific group act the same- sometimes false but sometimes true, stereotypes have a grain of truth in them.

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35
Q

Happy violence is?

A

the violence we see in the media numbs us to the real world problems.

36
Q

Education and Ebonics

A

“black english” - white people thought that black people had their own english- but come to find out we have different dialects

37
Q

Family/religion and pregnancy rates

A

hispanic and black girls tend to have 2-3 times more pregnancy rates- they act like parents to their siblings to and invite their boyfriends over to have sex

38
Q

Split labor economy

A

minorities tend to be the last ones hired and the first ones fired

39
Q

Politics and minorities

A

minorities tend to overwhelmingly vote democratically, although, republicans think that democrats to comes into America so that they can help vote and win

40
Q

KKK development

A

by poor black and white men, going against the government but turned into something far worse

41
Q

Race relations

A

powerpoint

42
Q

Prejudice:

A

pre judgement; deals with competition and promotions

43
Q

Discrimination:

A

institutional is more common than individual. but we see more individual discrimination

44
Q

Bigot- Nacirema

A

ignorant, discriminate and prejudice toward other groups

Nacirema- lady showed other people this word and than asked how they felt about it and they said mean things- come to find out it was A m e r i c a n spelt backwards.

45
Q

Bigotry is?

A

acting on ignorance, when confronted on bigotry, the bigot will back down

46
Q

Ethnocentrism?

A

looking at other cultures from your cultures perspective

47
Q

Racism is?

A

belief in superiority of your own race against others

48
Q

Racist?

A

someone who acts on the belief that their race s better than others

black people cannot be racist bc they do not have the power or means to systematically discriminate

49
Q

Racial imagery?

A

use or abuse of stereotypes- mascots for colleges or favorite sports teams.

50
Q

Ethnic stratification

A

ethnic groups that came into America were discriminated against so they had to assimilate the American way

51
Q

Power among groups

Power between groups

A

reference to all groups from specific location

competition of power b/w groups

52
Q

Assimilation is

A

process of becoming part of a new society, learning new norms and a way of life

53
Q

What do we have to have in order to have culture?

A

Language

54
Q

Theory on Race/Ethnicity

A

Symbolic Interactionism; socialized into prejudice, children have to be socialized into being prejudice- they were not born that way.

Kids do not have a racist bone in their body, until it is taught.

Self-Fulfilling prophecy; If you tell someone that they are a loser, they will believe themselves to be a loser, and if we repetitively tell our kids that they are different from one another, they will believe that

55
Q

Cycle of discrimination

A

If we tell kids about the racist construct, they will tell theirs too

56
Q

Labeling Theory

A

removes humanity, photos put into our mind regarding what people should look like. When we call people names, we use this to dehumanize them, making them feel less.

(i.e., hitman shooting others as they are told specific info about someone, making them seem less of a person, easy to kill.)

57
Q

Conflict and Ethnic groups

A

Those in power use ethnic relations to be in competition with one another as it distracts them from the true discrimination taking place

(i.e., “Cops” the TV show)

58
Q

African Americans make up what percent of the population?

Hispanics?

Asians?

Jews?

A

13%

18%

4%

3%

59
Q

Sexist Imagery and objectification in media

A

If you objectify someone, you lose their subjectivity (who they are)

60
Q

Male and female athletes

A

female athletes are highly sexualized, girls smile in sports photos than boys, as they act “tough”

61
Q

“If men could menstruate”

A

if they could, the first amendment would be birth control for all, guys are wimps.

If they could menstruate, there would be competition,

More things would be passed, like free will of birth, etc.

62
Q

Double standard in sports

A

men vs women, why should we hold standards for them both when they both can do amazing things differently?

63
Q

Gender:

A

social construct; degree of femininity or masculinity you ascribe to. Gender is “between the ears” (brain)

64
Q

Sex is:

A

biological, what you have in your genes, no choice

65
Q

Sexism is:

A

belief in superiority of your own sex

66
Q

Sexest is:

A

a person acting on sexism beliefs

67
Q

Feminism is:

A

radical belief that women are people too

68
Q

Primary vs. Secondary Sexual Characteristics

A

Primary: genital development, menarche, spermarche.

Secondary: breast enlargement, hips widen, mens shoulder grow, voice deepens in males.

Social construct, based on clothes we wear

69
Q

Areas of Discrimination:

A

Economic: women are going to make 20% less at the same job, 96% of people who take family leave are women

Education: teachers and administrators

Social: double standards b/w men and women, (i.e., curfews)

70
Q

Religious issues:

A

school prayers due to distant with churches and school prayer is being watered down, plus parents and children have different religions, so kids are in different religions

48% of people believe in creationism, okay lol; but what about isotope, radiology, dinosaur bones? (HALF)

71
Q

Belief in God %

A 
1944 = 97%
1977 = 90%
2017 = 80% (us)
72
Q

Atheism and Religions

A

Everyone is born atheist, we are socialized into religions

73
Q

Largest faiths

A

Catholicism is the largest practiced faith (68 million)
Protestant is double that in catholics, (115 million)
Muslim is the fastest growing faith

74
Q

Monotheism:

A

belief in one God (western religions)

75
Q

Polytheism:

A

belief in many gods (eastern religions)

76
Q

Durkheim studied;

A

Sacred
Profane
Totemism

77
Q

Sacred:

A

things we deem to be holy

78
Q

Profane:

A

non-holy ordinary things

79
Q

Totemism:

A

Totem poles, figures of celebration, as you move up, you learnt he story of the totem.

80
Q

Cults:

A

all churches were first formed by cults (high degree of intensity)

81
Q

Church:

A

has to apply to the US in order to become a church

82
Q

Ecclesia:

A

state run religion, high degree of intensity, congregation

83
Q

Simple supernaturalism

A

lucky charms; bracelets, etc.

84
Q

Animisms

A

ghosts, spirits, angels, etc

85
Q

Dimensions of Religiosity

A

Experiential: experiences of church

Consequential: consequences of faith (i..e, 10 commandments)

Cognitions and Belief System: understanding of your faith; their POV

Rituals: (high and low) looking at how religions have rituals, (cookie and wine)

86
Q

Creationism

A

48% believe (half) in this

Intro Sociology (2 decks)

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