Unit 2 Exam Flashcards
Chapter 2-4
Sex differences and personality:
- women are more emotional than men
- Italian men are more emotional than german women
- men are more concrete and show no emotion in comparison to women
We are socialized, true or false? + what does that mean?
True; and this means that we run by what society wants from us, (i.e., men cannot show emotion, but women can..)
Sex differences for sports..? Who purchases more? Men or women? And what do they purchase?
Women purchase more NASCAR items, they are the #1 purchaser of these items. They are purchasing for their partner (heterosexual)
Minorities and school achievement
African American and hispanic children are already off to a bad start because parents may not be able to help out with the homework
Class difference and IQ scores
it is bullshit according to Muir, since it is written by white guys, people miss simple questions because words mean different things for different cultures and different people
Most embarrassing moment for guys?
sports failures, but sexual failures is in the top 10. (Think about football, basketball, etc, masculinity)
Most embarrassing moment for women?
falling down in public, but for women sports failures fall in the #2 position (think about women falling down at App state, thats super embarrassing for them, #1 embarrassment)
What is “face work”?
trying to explain why something happened to you. (“i.e. I fell because my shoes were untied and I tripped”
No, you are just lazy…)
Age Differences: The “Us” and “Them” survey
groups are formed and questions are made to slump older or younger groups based upon your or their generational stance
What are cultures?
All societies have a form of culture but are different from society to society
(i.e., food, music, clothing, ideas, values..)
Cultural differences are?
ways to share similar ideas but in different ways (i.e.,mistakes, TV shows, etc)
High culture has,
long lasting
Pop culture is,
rapidly changing due to technology (music, tv, movies, etc…)
Material cultures is,
are the things we make and are given meaning (i.e., cell phones, use of social media, desks, books, etc…)
Non-material culture is,
the ideas and values that we a society share, will vary based on race, sex, age, ethnicity. (bible, tora, koran, the book itself is material, but the values and ideas are non material)
Minorities impact on culture?
development of subculture (look at the work they provide and how they do it.)
Minorities yield cultural appropriation by majorities, how?
the idea of rap and how it was made, “doin’ the dozens” a bunch of guys insulted one another by rapping. (rap started by a bunch of guys insulting one another basically)
Cultural appropriation
the adaption of certain elements from one culture into another culture (i.e., rap music from minorities in Detroit)
Assimilation related to cultures
When white people listened to rap music and watched tv shows with African Americans, they assimilated to said culture by copying and understanding the actions and language of what an AA would be like.
Corporations impact on culture
“Nova”
“Mist Stick”
“Gerber”
Corporations use cultures to influence their businesses and provide for their company.
Cultural institutions and change
Families and social lives
Cultural institutions and family change
before, parents made the decisions and implemented change and now children are also involved within that decision making process that implement the change.
Cultural institutions and social life
Women wear more jewelry + small discrete tattoos
Men wear earrings + tribal tattoos
Norms
- easy to change
- standards, expectations, behaviors
- elevator study: “you keep your mouth shut in the elevator”
Folkways
- regional ways of acting
- if you violate a folkway, people will know you are not from these parts of town (i.e., speech, language, dress)
Values
- ideas that groups seem to hold deer to themselves or abide by
- (i.e., guns, abortion, competition, fair play, the flag)
Mores
- moral basis of law
- we all do not have the same morals
- (i.e., death penalties)
Beliefs
- difficult to change
- deeply held ideas of how the world operates
- (i.e., religion)
Roles
- organized set of norms
- roles we play
- (i.e.,with our partners, professors, friends, family)
Institutions
- organized set of roles
- (i.e., App is an institution, administration, students, staff, we all have roles to play)
Sanctions +/-
- Negative is a punishment (studying poorly and failing)
- Positive is a form of a reward (studying hard and passing)
Cultures
organized set of culture
Role models
you model your behavior after that person
Role Strain
stretching your role, you are basically doing too much `
Anticipatory role
planned roles, something you worked towards
Complementary roles
expectations of what roles should be played
Empty nest syndrome
mom is sad that the child left, but dad is happy
Cross culture differences
Arapesh, Mundugumor, Chabri which are tribal and cultural ways of living
Arapesh
focused on female traits and dominance, as you get older your rank decreases
Mundugumor
focused on male traits as males were seen as dominant and they could fight back and forth and develop dominance
Chabri
- focused on role reversal, males were more focused on braiding hair and warrior living as women held political and religious roles.
- women picked men to have sex, they were considered the “man whores” due to having numerous husbands
Based on what info about Meads research on Southeast Asian Tribes, Mead could be considered what?
- being a sociologist
- being xenophobic
- being a Hilary supporter
- being ethnocentric
being ethnocentric
subcultures are?
ethnic groups (i.e., amercians celebrating cinco de mayo or st. patty’s day)
countercultures are?
those rejecting the dominant cultures and working against subcultures (i.e., hippies, skinheads)
ethnocentrism is?
looking at other societies and cultures from your own cultural perspective
Xenophobia is?
fear of outsiders/ fear of the unknown
Socialization research..?
is a process by which we learn the norms, folkway, mores, and beliefs of a society (starts before birth due to parents providing us with that socialization)
When does socialization end?
- when the bartender says last call?
- when muir says its over
- never
- other times and sometimes not
never
total institution is?
complete control over everything you do, (i.e., prison, military) - totalitarian
resocialization is?
teaching people how they are expected to act (i.e., college orientation)
Voluntary v. involuntary
military is voluntary and prison is involuntary
Degradation ceremonies
a right of passage, usually highly ritualized (sorority/fraternity hazing, military training)
Rights of passage and rituals
graduation ceremonies, weddings…
Anticipatory socialization
sitting in class, sports practices, working towards an end goal, anticipating the game/class
Sex-role socialization
teaching us how to act like boys and girls, (i.e., parties, spin the bottle, heteronormative thoughts that disregard the LGBT+ community)
Nature v. Nurture debate
Nature- is biological
Nurture- is sociological
Eugenics
breeding for resources, can be rejected due to failed attempts (i.e., jews and horses)
Agents of socialization are,
family, media, education, peers, public opinion
Status is..?
social ranking, we have a number of statuses based on who we are, and other perception of us.
Ascribed status
a status that is given to you (i.e., being born a boy or a girl)
Achieved status
a status that is carried with you, learned by you, worked towards (i..e, education)
Master status
the status that is most important to you (i.e., student athlete, concerned students, bf/gf, whatever that is most important to you)
Reality building
- AKA Thomas theorem
- we create our own life experiences, (being scare don airplanes, sexual assault in the dark, the way you approach a relationship, athlete v. non-athlete)
- created by WI Thomas
The Looking Glass Self
- created by Cooley
- your perception of others is how you see yourself in their presence
- “the eyes are the mirror to your soul”
Prestige
similar to social status, typically measured in terms of occupation + education
Sociologist prefer to study what?
- the back of their hands
- the label of a beer bottle
- nature over nurture
- none of the above
none of the above
Macrosociology
-interactions on a grand scale
Gemeinschaft
small close knit communities
Gesellschaft
large loosely knit communities
Gemeinschaft + Gesellschaft is created by
F. Toenines
Bureaucracies
forms of gov or governing bodies (i.e., US GOV
Dyads and Triads
looking at connections within out communities that allows us to freely learn
Expressive crowds
there to be there, nothing more nothing less (crowds at sports games, crowds at showS)
Instrumental crowd
those that seek change, such as rioters, savage fans, that storm the field after a game, goal orientated)
In-groups
groups we have social connections to (family, close friends, etc.)
Out-groups
very informal connections , classmates, co-workers. etc.
Bureaucracies and groups yield to what?
alienation due to means of production, product, others, self.
(we as workers have to do what the boss says even if you have a better idea.)
Primary groups
intimate relationships
Secondary groups
associates of you
Stanley Milgram
studied a lot of experiments, main one to focus on was the authoritative figure being in the room and how obedient the test taker was
Zimbardo studied what?
Stanford Prison Experiment, (guards vs. prisoners)
Solomon Asch
conformity + societal pressure that wants us to conform but we should go against what society wants us to do
Organizations major goal is:
to be efficient!!!!!!
McDonalidzation of society
everything should be the same so it makes things more efficient
Glass ceiling
metaphor dealing with sexism and how women will never be in a high position, they will always be looking up at the men
Catch 22
you never win at a situation, and you basically win one situation to lose the next
Ritualism (correspondence principle)
going to school meets the needs of capitalism, we wants people who are efficient, on time, and are behaving the way we are supposed to
Trained incapacity (standardization)
we are not allowed to think outside the box, i.e., an employee being able to help you under the order of a boss, they help you not the employee.
Peter principle
when one rises through corporate organizations and reaches a point of failure
Oligarchy
management of people sitting at the top; ruling by CEOS, etc
Planned obsolescence
when we purchase things, they will eventually break down due to capitalism wanting people to always purchase the new and in thing
The ultimate goal of most organizations is to maintain a high degree of?
- platitudes
- courteous behavior
- efficiency
- organizational deviance
-efficiency
Max Weber views bureaucracies as?
an ideal type, but they do not exist, it’s an abstraction
- not all bureaucracies are the same
- specialized
- hierarchy of authority
- rules and regulations
- technical competency and rewards
Three types of authority:
Charismatic
Traditional
Legal Rational
