Unit 3 Exam

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

a group of behavioral, mental and physical processes occurring when events match or exceed the organisms ability to respond in a healthy way

Question 2

fight or flight response

Answer 2

physiological preparedness to deal with danger; within seconds or minutes enables the organism to direct its energy to dealing with the threat

Question 3

tend and befriend response

Answer 3

females tendency to respond to stressors by protecting and caring for their offspring and forming social alliances

Question 4

how does the traditional western model and the biopsychosocial model differ?

Answer 4

western focuses on the absence of disease (health professionals know best)

biopsychosoical– effects of biological, behavioral, and social factors on ones health

Question 5

factors that lead to overeating

Answer 5

biological– show more activity in reward regions than those at optimal weight

psychosocial–feeling unable to stop eating

social– when many good tasting foods are available you eat more

Question 6

factors that lead to difficulty in establishing an exercise routine

Answer 6

biological– being overweight makes it harder to exercise

psychological– might feel judged or uncomfortable exercising because of lack of fitness

social– our culture traditionally encourages as little effort/energy as possible

Question 7

three safer sex practices

Answer 7

abstaining

getting tested

condoms

vaccines against STDs

Question 8

emotion focused coping

Answer 8

trying to prevent an emotional response to a stressor

ex. avoidance– skipping a stressful class

Question 9

problem focused coping

Answer 9

taking direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor

ex. academic trouble– getting a tutor

Question 10

situational attributions

Answer 10

peoples explanations for why events occur that relate to external events

Question 11

personal attributions

Answer 11

peoples explanations for why events occur that refer to internal characteristics

Question 12

simple attitude

Answer 12

behavior is consistent with your attitude

Question 13

complex attitude

Answer 13

your behavior is not consistent with your attitude

Question 14

deindividualization

Answer 14

a state of reduced individuality, self-awareness, and attention to personal standards (often group setting)

Question 15

difference between prejudice and discrimination

Answer 15

prejudice– negative beliefs, or opinions associated with a stereotype
ex. assuming women don’t like manual labor, not hiring

discrimination– treating people differently based on the group they belong to
ex. not letting black people into a store just because they are black

Question 16

cognitive dissonance

Answer 16

an uncomfortable mental state due to a contradiction between two attitudes or between an attitude and a behavior
ex. people smoke and they know smoking causes cancer

Question 17

difference between prosocial behavior and altruistic behavior

Answer 17

prosocial– acting in a way to benefit others
altruistic– act of providing help when there is no benefit for doing so

Question 18

three ways we form attitudes

Answer 18

mere exposure effect– increase in liking due to repeated exposure

conditioning– attitudes can be conditioned (change associations between things

social exposure– shaped through socialization