unit 3, exam 1

Question 1

energy

Answer 1

ability of object or system to do work

Question 2

temp

Answer 2

how we quantify energy of a system

Question 3

absolute 0

Answer 3

never observed in natural world.

basically no energy

Question 4

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

energy never created or destroyed

conservation of energy

Question 5

2nd law of thermodynaics

Answer 5

energy flows form regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration

Question 6

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 6

transfer of energy in the form of waves that move at the speed of light

Question 7

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 7

devised to differentiate the varying properties of these waves according to wavelength

Question 8

heat

Answer 8

the sensible component of energy moving from a higher (warmer)state to a lower(cooler) state

Question 9

blackbody

Answer 9

an object that is a perfect absorber and a perfect emitter

no such objects but some are close (earth)

Question 10

wiens displacement law

Answer 10

physical relationship describing the intensity of an objects emitted energy across the electromagnetic spectrum.

Question 11

shortwave radiation

Answer 11

suns energy

Question 12

longwave radiation

Answer 12

earths energy

Question 13

flux

Answer 13

watts per square meter

Question 14

stefan boltzmann law

Answer 14

total energy flux emitted by a blackbody across all wavelengths is proportioned to the fourth power of the absolute T of the object
E=o*T^4

Question 15

global radiation budget

Answer 15

our way of keeping track of how radiation travels through the atmosphere on its incoming and outgoing travel

Question 16

scatter

Answer 16

solar radiation dispersing forward, backward adn sideways after hitting a particle

Question 17

relection

Answer 17

special case of scattering at the interface between two different media (such as air and cloud)
ex)sky blue, sunset red

Question 18

albedo

Answer 18

fraction of radiation redirected (reflected) by some interface

Question 19

dark surfaces

Answer 19

low albedo

Question 20

white surfaces

Answer 20

high albedo

Question 21

temperature gradiant

Answer 21

difference in T over a distance

Question 22

circle of illumination

Answer 22

distinguishing line between day and night

Question 23

aphelion

Answer 23

july earth is furthest form sun

Question 24

perihelion

Answer 24

january earth is closest to the sun

Question 25

radiation heating

Answer 25

absorbing faster than emitting therefore T increases

Question 26

radiation cooling

Answer 26

emits faster than absorbs therefore T decreases

Question 27

conduction

Answer 27

transfer through contact
thermal conductivity-metal vs styrofoam
heat conductivity-ration of rate of heat transport

Question 28

convection

Answer 28

heat transfer by fluid motions

buoyancy on air parcels

Question 29

Diurnal

Answer 29

reoccurring daily cycle