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Chemistry 30 > Unit 3 Equilibrium Review > Flashcards

Unit 3 Equilibrium Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Le Chateliers principle

A

when a stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift to relieve the stress

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2
Q

exothermic

A

energy is a product

ΔH is negative because you lose energy

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3
Q

endothermic

A

energy is a reactant

ΔH is positive because you gain energy

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4
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

a state of balance in a CLOSED system at constant temperature and there are no changes at the visible level but there is a constant change at the molecular level

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5
Q

Closed system

A

a reaction system in which no matter can enter or exit. Only a closed system can reach an equilibrium.

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6
Q

Steady State

A

is an open system that has no properties that are directly observable; however, this is because any materials that leave the system are immediately replaced

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7
Q

three stresses that can be applied to an equilibrium system

A

concentration
temperature
volume/pressure

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8
Q

concentration [ ]

A

NO SOLIDS
shifts away from increase
shifts toward decrease
(arrow goes towards increase. ex:

↓ → ↑

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9
Q

temperature

A

shifts away from increase
shifts toward decrease
(arrow goes towards increase. ex:
↓ → ↑)

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10
Q

volume/pressure

A

GASES ONLY
increase pressure favours side with less moles
increase volume favours side with more moles

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11
Q

catalysts

A

catalyst is a substance that speeds
up the rate of reaction without being used up in the reaction.

*Catalysts will NOT have any effèct on an equilibrium position because they speed up the reaction equally in both directions.

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12
Q

concentration graph

A

vertical line and a hill

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13
Q

temperature graph

A

all hills

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14
Q

pressure graph

A

all vertical lines

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15
Q

keq

A

[products]/[reactants]

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16
Q

keq is only

A

gases and aqueous
no solids or liquids

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17
Q

if keq is larger than 1

A

A value for Keq significantly.
larger than one means that products are favored over reactants.

18
Q

if keq is less than one

A

A value of Keq significantly less than one it means that reactants are favoured over products

19
Q

if keq is very close to 1

A

A value of Keq very close to 1 means that the (reactant] ~ [product)

20
Q

spontaneous

A

products are favoured

large equilibrium constant (keq)

> > > > > 1

21
Q

non spontaneous

A

reactants are favoured

small equilibrium constant

««1

22
Q

ICE charts

A

Initial: if not known, put 0

Change: + or - ___x (one side will be +, one side will be -) (__x will be the # in front of chemical)

Equilibrium: if not given is I + C

23
Q

dissociation

A

is reversible physical change

24
Q

net ionic

A

the non reversible chemical change where an insoluble ppt is formed

25
Q

solubility

A

the mass of a given substance that can be dissolved by a specific solvent at a given temp

26
Q

saturated solution

A

the solvent has the maximum amount of solute dissolved in it can hold at that specific temp

ON the line

27
Q

unsaturated solution

A

the solvent can still dissolve more solute at that temperature

UNDER the line

28
Q

supersaturated solution

A

a solvent can hold more than the maximum amount of solute at a given temp

ABOVE the line

29
Q

equilibrium

A

balanced state of a reversible reaction in which there is NO observable change

the rate of the forward reactor equals that of the reverse reaction

30
Q

Le Chateliers principle pt 2

A

if a system at equilibrium is subjected to an external stress, the equilibrium will shift so as to minimize that stress

31
Q

in heat, equilibrium will shift…

A

in the case of heat, the equilibrium will shift in the direction which the added heat is used up

32
Q

what happens to the solubility of solids when you increase temperature

A

when you increase the temperature of a solid, the solubility increases

solids are endothermic

33
Q

what happens to the solubility of gases when you increase temperature

A

the solubility decreases upon heating

exothermic

34
Q

common ion effect

A

the solubility of an ionic substance in water is decreased when another substance containing ONE of the ions in the solution (the common ion) is added

35
Q

predicting precipitate’s:
if Qsp is larger than Ksp

A

a precipitate WILL form

36
Q

predicting precipitate’s:
if Qsp is smaller than Ksp

A

a precipitate will NOT form

the solution is unsaturated

37
Q

predicting precipitate’s:
if Qsp is equal to Ksp

A

the solution is saturated and no change will occur

38
Q

when it gives you solubility

A

calculate ksp

39
Q

when it gives you ksp

A

find solubility by substituting x for the chemicals

40
Q

ksp

A

only products

Chemistry 30 (4 decks)

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