Organic Chem Review

Question 1

Natural gas is composed of

Answer 1

methane

Question 2

Petroleum

Answer 2

is a complex mixture containing more than a thousand compounds.

Question 3

fractional distillation

Answer 3

involves boiling petroleum and collecting components or fractions as they condense at different temperatures
The condensation temperatures generally decrease with molecular mass.

Question 4

The condensation temperatures generally ___________ with molecular mass.

Answer 4

decrease

Question 5

Cracking

Answer 5

is the process where heavier fractions are converted to gasoline by breaking their large molecules into smaller molecules

Question 6

Three types are

Answer 6

Thermal Cracking

Catalytic Cracking

Hydro cracking

Question 7

Thermal Cracking

Answer 7

• uses high temps and pressures; wasteful

Question 8

Catalytic Cracking

Answer 8

uses a catalyst and less harsh conditions

Question 9

Hydro cracking

Answer 9

a combo of hydrogenation and catalytic cracking

Question 10

Catalytic reforming

Answer 10

• rearranges straight-chain molecules into aromatics
• gives better burning qualities; improves fuel quality
• uses catalysts to increase rate of reaction

Question 11

Alkylation

Answer 11

• increases branching in straight-chain molecules
• gives better burning qualities
• also called isomerization

Question 12

Gasoline

Answer 12

mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 13

Polymers

Answer 13

are large molecules consisting of many repeating structural units

Question 14

monomer

Answer 14

is a molecule from which a polymer is made

Question 15

polymerization reaction

Answer 15

a reaction in which monomer units are bonded together to form a polymer is called a

Question 16

Structural unit

Answer 16

The repeating group of atoms formed by the bonding of the
monomers is called the
structural unit of the polymer.

Question 17

addition polymerization

Answer 17

all of the atoms present in the monomers are kept and just link up tegether

Question 18

Condensation polymerization

Answer 18

occurs when monomers that contain at least two functional
groups combine with the loss of small by-product, usually water

Question 19

Properties of Polymers

Answer 19

•some can be drawn into fine fibers softer than silk
•some are strong as steel
•do not rust
•many are more durable than natural materials such as wood
• easy to mold into different shapes

Question 20

Two Categories of Polymers

Answer 20

• thermoplastic
• thermosetting

Question 21

thermoplastic polymer

Answer 21

is one that can be meted and molded repeatedly into shapes that are retained when cooled

Question 22

thermosetting polymer

Answer 22

is one that can be molded when it is first prepared, but after it cools it cannot be remelted.