unit 3 ( different voting) Flashcards
What is the election act of 2022
What is supplementary vote
is used when electing mayors (up until 2022) police commissioners and crime commissioner in the uk. In this system there are two Gollum’s boxes alongside a candidate’s name. One column is for voters to mark their favourite and one for their second favourite.
All of the votes for the favourite candidate are counted and if one is over 50% they are elected. If no candidates achieves over 50% then the top 2 candidates continue to a run off round and all others are eliminated. The votes of overtone whose favourite candidate has been eliminated are then moved to their second favourite. Then there should be someone over 50%.
Is supplementary vote proportional?
No however it is said to be an improvement on FPTP in that candidates can not win without outright levels of support.
What are advantages of supplementary vote
Majority result- Makes sure that the winning candidate has a clear majority of the vote.
Voter choice- Voters have more of a choice than with FPTP as they have 2 preferences to make.
Extremist parties are less likely to get in as such a high majority is needed
Simple system- docent use a formula easy to count and partake in.
ensures borad support for the winner
disadvantages of supplementary vote
Two party dominance- the elimination of all but two candidates in one go means 3rd place parties might have a decent amount of votes but not do well
a false Majority- candidates o only need a majority of a valid vote. in the second round only people who choose to vote for a second party are counted. could be argued as not being a true majority
Wasted votes- many votes have no impact on the election the same as FPTP
Tactical voting- encourages tactical voting of the second vote might discourage some people from Turing up
What is single transferable vote
Used in Northern Ireland A voting system where voters express their preference for candidates by ranking them in an order. In order for a candidate to win they must obtain a droop quota.
A quota is counted for each constituency using a formula based on the number of seats and votes available. firstly all the first preference votes are counted and any candidates who meet the quota are elected. If a candidate has more than needed to achieve the quota then the vote is transferred to the second preference that get the vote instead The candidate with the fewest votes gets knocked out and their second preferences are counted.
the same process is then repeated round by round until there is 5 candidates that have achieved the quota.
Is single transferable vote proportional
yes it uses a droop quota
What is the droop quota
(number of votes available in region +1)
+1
Positives of Single transferable vote.
Proportional results- it is the most proportional system used in the uk it delivers a result that has a close correlation between percentage of voters cast and seats gained.
Voter choice voters have a great choice and can rank their preferences. they can also choose within parties if 2 MPs were running within one party.
negatives of single transferable vote
More complex- Althougfh the process of voting is simple what happens next is not. could reduce turnout.
an unlikely single party government- In Northern Ireland the Good Friday agreement means there has to be a coalition government. however even if this is not the case the nature of itv would probably mean there is one. this means a weaker gov comaperd to fptp
What is Additional members system
Is a more proportional way of voting used in Scotland and Wales. It gives voters 2 independent votes one for local and one for regional government. It is proportional and uses a mathematical equation to figure it out.
There are two votes the constituency vote and the regional vote.
Constituency vote- this one is done on a winner takes it all fptp basis. It decides local MSPs. Scotland is divided into 73 single member constituencies.
Regional vote- uses the d’hondt formula and is the proportional element. It is done for the party and
need more info on this card about second regional vote
What is the d’hondt formula
Regional votes divided by ( number of constituencies already won in the region) +1
What are some advantages of Additional members system.
Proportional result Seond stage tries to correct the floors of FPTP. reduces wasted votes and more proportional
Split ticket voting Anyone can choose to vote for 2 parties
