Unit 3 - Design and Development Flashcards
Give 7 reasons for a potential change in packaging
- Launch of a new variety
- Changes to legislation
- Promotional packs
- Cost saving
- Format of pack
- Format of contents
- New brand
Give 6 ways a pack can be redesigned for cost saving
- Changing thickness of material
- Redesigning pack to use less material
- Removal of components e.g. number of layers in a laminate film
- Changes to the raw material
- Changing in printing and decoration techniques
- Changes to secondary or tertiary packaging
Give 6 reasons why packaging may cost more than the product it contains
- Material cost
- Design agencies
- Tooling
- Repro costs
- Development
- Disposal of old stock
What are fixed costs?
Fixed costs remain the same regardless of output
Name 6 examples of fixed costs
- Rent, rates, servicing of building and premises
- Indirect labour such as research and development, sales and marketing, purchasing and planning, packaging development, quality assurance, finance, and general management
- Interest on loans
- Marketing and communications activities
- Insurance
- Professional fees including legal and accountancy
What are variable costs?
Variable costs are only incurred when a product is being made and are usually proportionate to volume
Name 7 variable costs
- Raw material and ingredient costs
- Energy costs for these processes
- Packaging material costs
- Labour costs for packaging the product
- Storage costs
- Distribution costs
- Selling costs such as sales reps, exhibitions, and advertising
Name the 6 stages of packaging project management
- Define the objectives and constraints
- Develop the brief
- Develop solutions
- Material and pack testing
- Finalise the specification
- Product launch and review
What 8 things need to be considered when designing packaging for a new product?
- Physical state and how fragile it is
- Causes of physical damage
- Chemical and biological properties, shelf-life, and hazardous
- Sensitivity to moisture loss, temperatures, and light
- Odours
- Is it part of a wider range?
- How valuable is the product?
- Is it a gift item?
What 4 things should be considered when developing packaging for a new market?
- Where will the product be sold?
- Market size and demographic
- Where and how will the product be used?
- What is the target selling price?
What 4 things should be considered when developing packaging for changes in distribution, storage, and selling environments?
- Delivery of packaging materials to the line
- Does it need to be shelf-ready?
- Geographic markets and selling locations
- Computerised or RFID recognition
When developing packaging solutions, what are the 3 key dates?
- Approval of final design for custom tooling or origination
- Agreement of final specification to ensure components are produced and delivered on time
- Production start date that allows the product launch date to be met
What 5 types of pack testing should be done when developing a new product? Describe what each involves
- Pack / product compatibility testing: ensure that he pack will not taint the taste or appearance; the product will not corrode the pack; and the pack will perform under the filling and storage conditions
- Shelf-life testing: ensure no degradation to the taste, smell, and appearance of the product and that micro-organisms cannot grow during storage
- Manufacturing testing: ensure product can travel along the packing and filling line; line speed measurements; correct amount of product is dispensed; measurement of failure rate
- Distribution testing: focuses on secondary and tertiary packaging; drop; vibration; compression; and climatic tests
- Market testing: ensuring barcode scans correctly, it is easy to pick up, open and close, and easy to store
What are the four aspects / departments involved in the development process
- Marketing
- Product development
- Commercial
- Manufacturing
Describe marketing’s role in packaging development
- Initiate new product ideas based on market research
- Often drive the project and liaise with other departments
- Prone to changing their minds and difficult to pin down technical details
Describe product development’s role in packaging development
- Provide range of options and initial samples
- Be willing to change, and anticipate and resolve problems throughout the plant and during trials
- Can be perceived to be negative and slow
Describe commercial / sale’s role in packaging development
- Locate suppliers of new packaging at best cost based on numbers from marketing
- Set up supplier contracts
- Can be political and resistant to new suppliers
Describe manufacturing’s role in packaging development
- Justify cost of investment to marketing
- Plan and execute installation
- Work with other teams to ensure production success and oversee trials
- Can be negative and resistant to change
