Unit 3: Civil War & Reconstruction

Question 1

Explain what state seceded from the Union first and why

Answer 1

South Carolina was the first state to secede. They did this because they didn’t support the beliefs of Lincoln and wanted to keep their Southern way of life (slavery).

Question 2

What are the four causes of the Civil War?

Answer 2

1. Economic and Social Differences
2. Slavery & Abolition Mvmt.
3. Expansion West
4. Rise of the Republicans

Question 3

Explain the cause of economic and social differences that led to the war

Answer 3

The North and the South were very different. The north had their industries, immigrants, overpopulated cities and were poor. Southerners were rich, had slaves, and grew economically through agriculture and cotton. The north thought that the south were taking jobs away from immigrants by possessing slaves for free.

Question 4

What is the cotton gin and how did it contribute to the Civil War?

Answer 4

It was a machine that seperated the seeds from the cotton. The north thought this eliminated the need for slavery and that the south should be paying their workers just as the north had to.

Question 5

Explain the cause of slavery and the abolition mvmt. that led to the war

Answer 5

Slavery divided the U.S greatly. Many northerns were tired of the south getting rich by not having to pay their slaves, whereas they had to pay their workers. Some people thought slavery was morally wrong and took a stand against it, the most famous being Fredrick Douglass and Angelina Grimke.

Question 6

Explain Fredrick Douglass’ role in the Civil War

Answer 6

Fredrick Douglass was a black abolitioist who regularly met with Lincoln about abolishing slavery. He was a well-spoken man who escaped to NY and started making speeches against slavery. His most well-known speech is the fourth of july.

Question 7

Explain Harriet Tubman’s role in slavery

Answer 7

Harriet Tubman fled from slavery in the south and was free in the north. She continuously went back to free more slaves and created the underground railroad. Through her techniques (leaving saturday nights) and strict rules she freed over 200 slaves.

Question 8

How did expansion and states’ rights lead to the war?

Answer 8

With the expansion into the west one of the biggest questions was whether or not the new state would be a slave state or a free state. The southern states believed that the gov’t couldn’t tell them what to do and if they didn’t agree then they would overthrow the gov’t (succession).

Question 9

How did the rise of the Republicans lead to the war? What was the Republican’s purpose?

Answer 9

The Republicans were created to fight against the expansion of slavery, believed in individual rights, growth of agriculture and expansion of the U.S. The Republican party wins because the Democrats couldn’t decide on a candidate and because Lincoln wins majority in 15 largest states. Lincoln becomes president and S.C secedes.

Question 10

Who is the president of the Confederate States of America and what is their goal?

Answer 10

The president of the CSA is Jefferson Davis. The states’ goals are to keep slavery and sovereignty.

Question 11

How did Davis justify succession?

Answer 11

He said it coincided with the declaration. Them at the gov’t must have the consent of the governed. Otherwise they could overthrow them.

Question 12

What happened at Fort Sumter?

Answer 12

Fort Sumter was a Union fort based in South Carolina. Confederates besieged the fort and by the time Lincoln had sent naval forces for reinforcement the CSA had already captured the fort. This assault by the confederates marked the start of the Civil War.

Question 13

Why would Lincoln want the south to start the war?

Answer 13

He wanted them to start the war because he had already taken office at a risky time and in order to have the Union back him up he had to make the south the bad guys.

Question 14

President Lincoln vs. president Davis. What were their differences and/or similarities?

Answer 14

At the beginning both Lincoln and Davis advocated for peace but at the start of 1861 both sides were gathering arms. Davis believed in states’ rights and slavery whereas Lincoln wanted to end the spread of slavery and keep the Union together.

Question 15

General Lee vs. general ulysses S. Grant. What were their differences and/or similarities?

Answer 15

idk

Question 16

Explain what happened at Gettysburg

Answer 16

Gettysburg was the largest battle fought in North America. Lee’s army lost one-third of it’s soldiers in Pickett’s Charge; they charged the open field (suicidal). Both sides lost over 20,000 casualties.

Question 17

What was the strategy of the Union Army?

Answer 17

The Union’s strategy was called the Anaconda Plan. They planned on cutting off any access to supplies that the south could reach. After Gettysburg&Vicksburg the Union controlled the Mississipi River along with most railways and ports.

Question 18

What was the strategy of the south?

Answer 18

The Confederate strategy was to play defensively. They tried to acquire the aid of England, incorrectly thinking that England was reliant on the south’s cotton. They also had an amazing General Lee and better trained soldiers.

Question 19

True or false: 1/2 of soldier treatments were amputations

Answer 19

False, 3/4

Question 20

Why was it common for soldiers to die after amputations?

Answer 20

They were suseptable to disease such as Gangrene. This bacteria kills the tissue inside the body.

Question 21

What is the importance of the Emancipation Proclamation during the war?

Answer 21

• freed slaves
• allowed blacks to join the army
• made the Union a force for liberation
• tells the south that slavery is abolished and they must accept this if they lose

Question 22

What was the message of the Gettysburg address?

Answer 22

Lincoln read that northerners and southerners are both Americans. It was a hymn to America.

Question 23

What was created out of the Gettysburg battle?

Answer 23

A national cemetery that was dedicated to all soldiers who fought in the Civil War thst were payed tribute to.

Question 24

Explain how the north won the war through the use of railways

Answer 24

The gov’t bought the entire railway system in the north. This meant they could use the trains to send supplies and troops to the south without cost. It took them less than half the time compared to using the roads.

Question 25

Explain how the north won the war through the use of industry

Answer 25

The industries of the north backed the entire war effort. Most businesses were transformed into supply factories for the war; they made necessities such as ammo, clothing and weapons. About 80 supply cars a day.

Question 26

Explain how the north won the war through the use of the telegraph

Answer 26

Became American’s tool for mass communication. Messages could now be almost instantaneous. It allowed Lincoln to see all aspects of the war and see what worked and didn’t almost immediately.

Question 27

Describe General Sherman’s “total war” tactics

Answer 27

Sherman would destroy confederate militiary resources. He believed in no mercy, and leaving nothing left by burning everything including crops. This is to ensure the south cannot win the war.

Question 28

What was Lincoln’s 10% plan for Reconstruction?

Answer 28

Only 10% of each seceded state had to swear an oath of allegiance to the U.S; they were readmitted to the Union if this could happen.

Question 29

True or False: Lincoln didn’t show mercy on the south and made the terms unfavourable for them to rejoin the Union

Answer 29

False