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National 4 > Unit 3 Chemistry in Society > Flashcards

Unit 3 Chemistry in Society Flashcards

1
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A
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2
Q

What is meant by an alloy?

A

A mixture of 2 or more elements, one of which has to be a metal

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3
Q

What is a shape memory alloy?

A
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4
Q

What are the 3 reactions of metals?

A

With acid

With water

With oxygen

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5
Q

What are the products of reacting metals with water?

A

A metal hydroxide plus hydrogen

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6
Q

What are the products of reacting metals with acids?

A

A salt plus hydrogen

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7
Q

What do we call naturally occurring metal compounds?

A

Ores

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8
Q

What are the 3 methods of extracting metals from ores?

A
  1. Heating
  2. Heating with carbon or carbon monoxide
  3. Electrolysis
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9
Q

What is meant by “corrosion”

A

The changing of the surface of a metal from an element to a compound.

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10
Q

What specific name do we give to the corrosion of iron?

A

Rusting

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11
Q

What is the chemical name for rust?

A

Iron oxide

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12
Q

What is the chemical test for rusting

A
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13
Q

What 2 substances are needed for iron to rust?

A

Water & Oxygen

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14
Q

What 2 categories of rust prevention are there?

A

Physical

Chemical

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15
Q

What is physical protection from rusting?

A

Preventing O2 and/or H2O reaching surface of iron

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16
Q

What is meant by “galvanising”?

A

Coating iron with a layer of zinc

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17
Q

What is chemical protection of iron?

A

Finding a more reactive metal to “donate” electrons to the iron

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18
Q

What is meant by a monomer?

A

A small unsaturated molecule

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19
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A very large molecule consisting of monomers joined together

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20
Q

What is a “thermoplastic” polymer?

A

Can be reshaped upon heating

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21
Q

What is a “thermosetting polymer”?

A

Degraded when heated

22
Q

Which toxic gases can be given off when plastics catch fire?

A

CO (always possible)

HCl (if Cl atoms are part of chain)

HCN ( if CN group is part of chain)

23
Q

What does “biodegradable” mean?

A

Can be broken down by the action of bacteria

24
Q

How are polymers named?

A

The prefix “poly” is put in front of monomer name

e.g but-1-ene becomes polybut-1-ene

pent-2-ene becomes polypent-2-ene

25
Q

What are some advantages of using plastics ?

A

long lasting

easily moulded

cheap

strong

26
Q

What are some disadvantages of using plastics (addition polymers)?

A

non-biodegradable

come from crude oil which is finite

difficult to recycle

limited heat range and can give off toxic fumes

27
Q

What 3 elements are needed for plant growth?

A
28
Q

What is a fertiliser?

A

A substance that contains the natural elements needed for healthy plant growth

29
Q

What is eutrophication?

A

The introduction of excess nutrients to a water system

30
Q

What are the 3 ways of extracting metals from ores?

A

Electrolysis ( Al and above)

Heating with carbon ( Cu to Mg)

Heating ( Below Cu)

31
Q

How does the reactivity of metals affect their reactions with water, acids, and oxygen?

A
32
Q

What is an electrochemical cell?

A

An arrangement that produces electricity through a chemical reaction

33
Q

What is the set up for a simple electrochemical cell?

A
34
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A
35
Q

What is the purpose of the electrolyte?

A

To complete the circuit

36
Q

Where does the reaction(s) take place in an electrochemical cell?

A

On the surfaces of the electrodes (metal strips)

37
Q

In which direction do the electrons flow in an electrochemical cell?

A

From the metal higher in the electrochemcial series to the metal lower

38
Q

Why do cells “run out” and stop working?

A

The chemical run out

39
Q

What are the 2 types of fertiliser?

A

Natural ( organic)

Synthetic ( artificial)

40
Q

Name 2 examples of natural fertilisers

A
41
Q

Give an advantage and disadvantage of natural fertilisers?

A

Adv: Environmentally friendly

Disadv: Lower concentration of nutrients

42
Q

What is the impact of NPK fertilisers on the environment?

A
43
Q

What is meant by “nuclear fusion”

A

2 light nuclei joining together to produce a heavier nucleus

44
Q

Whys might nuclear fusion be important?

A

It releases a massive amount of energy which could be used if harnessed safely

45
Q

Where were all the natural chemical elements formed?

A

In the stars by nuclear fusion

46
Q

State how heavier elements (>Fe) are made.

A

During supernova explosions

47
Q

What causes radioactivity?

A

Unstable nuclei emits waves or particles to obtain stability

48
Q

Give some natural sources of background radiation

A
49
Q

Give some artificial sources of background radiation

A
50
Q

How can we test for the presence of some metal ions?

A

By the colours they produce in a flame

National 4 (3 decks)

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