Unit 2 Nature's Chemistry Flashcards
What is meant by a “fuel”?
A substance that burns to release energy
What is meant by a fossil fuel?
A fuel formed from once living organisms
Name the 3 main fossil fuels
Crude oil
Natural Gas
Coal
What conditions are needed for fossil fuels to form?
Dead organisms
High Pressure
High Temperature
Millions of years
What are the main substances in crude oil?
What are the 2 main problems with fossil fuels?
- Pollution
- They are finite
What does “finite” mean?
They will eventually run out
Limited supply
What is “biomass”
Material from something which was recently living
What is a “biofuel”?
A fuel made from biomass
What is a “hydrocarbon”?
A substance made from ONLY hydrogen and carbon
What is meant by “cracking” hydrocarbons?
Breaking them down into smaller, more useful ones.
What is the definition of combustion?
A substance reacting with oxygen to release energy
What are the products of complete combustion of a fuel?
Carbon dioxide and water
What is “carbon capture”?
Removing CO2 from emissions after combustion
What are 2 possible products of incomplete combustion of a fuel?
Carbon Monoxide
Soot (Carbon particles)
What is a “carbohydrate”?
A substance containg ONLY carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What is the molecular formula for Glucose?
C6 H12 O6
What is the test for Glucose?
Turns Benedict’s solution from blue to orange
Why must the body convert starch to glucose?
Starch is too big to pass into bloodstream
What is the test for starch?
Turns iodine solution from brown to blue/black
What is “fermentation”?
The conertion of glucose into ethanol and CO2
What is present in yeast that converts glucose to ethanol?
Enzymes
What is an “exothermic” reaction?
A reaction that releases heat
What is respiration?
The reaction of glusose with oxygen in the body to provide energy
