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National 4 > Unit 2 Nature's Chemistry > Flashcards

Unit 2 Nature's Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by a “fuel”?

A

A substance that burns to release energy

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2
Q

What is meant by a fossil fuel?

A

A fuel formed from once living organisms

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3
Q

Name the 3 main fossil fuels

A

Crude oil

Natural Gas

Coal

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4
Q

What conditions are needed for fossil fuels to form?

A

Dead organisms

High Pressure

High Temperature

Millions of years

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5
Q

What are the main substances in crude oil?

A
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6
Q

What are the 2 main problems with fossil fuels?

A
  1. Pollution
  2. They are finite
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7
Q

What does “finite” mean?

A

They will eventually run out

Limited supply

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8
Q

What is “biomass”

A

Material from something which was recently living

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9
Q

What is a “biofuel”?

A

A fuel made from biomass

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10
Q

What is a “hydrocarbon”?

A

A substance made from ONLY hydrogen and carbon

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11
Q

What is meant by “cracking” hydrocarbons?

A

Breaking them down into smaller, more useful ones.

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12
Q

What is the definition of combustion?

A

A substance reacting with oxygen to release energy

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13
Q

What are the products of complete combustion of a fuel?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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14
Q

What is “carbon capture”?

A

Removing CO2 from emissions after combustion

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15
Q

What are 2 possible products of incomplete combustion of a fuel?

A

Carbon Monoxide

Soot (Carbon particles)

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16
Q

What is a “carbohydrate”?

A

A substance containg ONLY carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

17
Q

What is the molecular formula for Glucose?

A

C6 H12 O6

18
Q

What is the test for Glucose?

A

Turns Benedict’s solution from blue to orange

19
Q

Why must the body convert starch to glucose?

A

Starch is too big to pass into bloodstream

20
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

Turns iodine solution from brown to blue/black

21
Q

What is “fermentation”?

A

The conertion of glucose into ethanol and CO2

22
Q

What is present in yeast that converts glucose to ethanol?

A

Enzymes

23
Q

What is an “exothermic” reaction?

A

A reaction that releases heat

24
Q

What is respiration?

A

The reaction of glusose with oxygen in the body to provide energy

25
Q

What are the products of respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

26
Q

What are the 3 sides of the fire triangle?

A
27
Q

What is the approx composition of air?

A
28
Q

What is meant by a “fraction”?

A

A group of hydrocarbon compounds with boiling points within a given range

29
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

National 4 (3 decks)

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