Unit 3 Chapter 9: Maslow Holistic Dynamic Theory Flashcards
What was Abraham Maslow’s Theory called
Holistic Dynamic Theory
What are the four main assumptions Holistic Dynamic Theory assumes of motivation?
1) “the whole person, not any single part or function, is motivated.” (277)
2) Motivation is complex, springing potentially a variety of sources
3) All people everywhere are motivated by the same basic needs
4) Needs can be arranged on a hierarchy
Define prepotency
In a video game, this would translate to ‘priority’. Maslow suggests that more basic needs take priority, or prepotency, over more complex needs.
In order, what are the 5 basic needs according to Maslow?
physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.
What are two important ways physiological needs differ from other needs?
1) They are the only needs that can be completely satisfied or even oversatisfied
2)They are the only needs with a recurring nature
Provide some examples of what may threaten safety needs.
Natural distasters, threats from other humans, lack of shelter, weather, terrorism, crime etc
According to Maslow there are three kinds of people: those who have had their needs for love fulfilled, those who have never felt love and those who have only felt love a little. How does each type of person uniquely engage in seeking love.
1) Those who are fulfilled do not take rejection to heart
2) Those who have never felt love take its absence for granted They are incapable of giving love
3) Those who have only experienced love a little hunger for it strongly and make desperate attempts to fulfill that hole.
What are esteem needs?
self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in high esteem
Describe the two different kinds of esteem needs
Reputation is the perception of the prestige, recognition, or fame a person has achieved in the eyes of others,
whereas self-esteem is a person’s own feelings of worth and confidence.
What are self actualization needs and how does one begin to satisfy these needs after esteem needs have been met.
“Self-actualization needs include self-fulfillment, the realization of all one’s potential, and a desire to become creative in the full sense of the word”
The person wanting to move onto the next level needs to embrace B-values
What are neurotic needs and what makes them different from cognitive and aesthetic needs.
“The satisfaction of conative, aesthetic, and cognitive needs is basic to one’s physical and psychological health, and their frustration leads to some level of illness. However, neurotic needs lead only to stagnation and pathology” (284)
Define instinctoid needs
Maslow (1970) hypothesizes that some human needs are innately determined even though they can be modified by learning. He called these needs instinctoid needs. Sex, for example, is a basic physiological need, but the manner in which it is expressed depends on learning. For most people, then, sex is an instinctoid need.
Give a breif summary of the difference between instinctoid and non instinctoid needs (4)
-The thwarting of instinctoid needs produces pathology, whereas the frustration of noninstinctoid needs does not
-instinctoid needs are persistent and their satisfaction leads to psychological health.
-A third distinction is that instinctoid needs are species-specific
- instinctoid needs can be molded, inhibited, or altered by environmental influences. (286)
What criteria did self-actualizing people possess according to Maslow?
1) “ they were free from psychopathology. They were neither neurotic nor psychotic nor did they have a tendency toward psychological disturbances.”
2) self-actualizing people had progressed through the hierarchy of needs
Define metamotivation and characterize its significance for Maslow’s work.
Metamotivation is characterized by expressive rather than coping behavior and is associated with the B-values.
It was an answer to the problem of having people who have their needs satisfied but do not become self actualized (they are without Being values)
What is the difference between coping behviour and expressive behaviour according to Maslow?
Coping behavior is motivated and is directed toward the satisfaction of basic needs.
Expressive behavior has a cause but is not motivated; it is simply one’s way of expressing oneself.
Maslow had 15 values that self actualized people obtain, what page of the textbook can those be found?
308
What school of eastern philosophy would Maslow most strongly assosiate with in terms of his scientific philosophy and what traits specifically would overlap
What observation was this attitude created in response to (hint: desacralization)
Taoistic attitude for psychology, one that would be noninterfering, passive, and receptive
Cold, unfeeling, calloused and wonderless appreoach to science
Where would Maslow suggest therapy sessions be directed towards? (What would he focus on in therapy sessions)
Psychotherapy should be directed at the need level currently being thwarted, in most cases love and belongingness needs
Where does Maslow sit on the 6 dichotomies of humanity?
Optimisitc (hopeful about humans)
Moderate on uniqienesss and similarities
Conscious (however motivation is dervied from numerour sources making it complex)
Teleology
Biological vs social are a false dichotomy for MAslow
In order, how is Maslow’s Holistic Dynamic Theory rated on the criteria of a useful theory? (generates research, falsifiable, organize knowledge, practical,internally consistent)
-a little above average
-low
-excellent
-excellent
-low
(consider removing this card)
