Unit 2 Chapter 2: Freud Psychoanalysis Flashcards
Freud identified three levels of mental life, what were they?
-unconscious,
-preconscious
-conscious.
What makes up the unconscious?
Early childhood experiences that create high levels of anxiety are repressed into the unconscious, where they may influence behavior, emotions, and attitudes for years.
What are some of the characteristics to remember about the unconscious?
1) Unconcscious does not mean dormant or inactive
2) Unconscious thoughts often strive towards being conscious and succeed albeit in a different form
What makes up the preconscious?
Events that are not associated with anxiety but are merely forgotten make up the contents of the preconscious.
What makes up the conscious?
Conscious images are those in awareness at any given time.
What are the three provinces of the mind?
Id
Ego
Super ego
What is the id? (4)
The id is unconscious, chaotic, out of contact with reality, and in service of the pleasure principle.
It is amoral and seeks pleasure without knowledge of what is real. (video games feel like progress but they aren’t and the id doesn’t care)
What is the pleasure principle?
The id’s move to always attempt to satisfy base desires
What is the ego?
The ego is the executive of personality, in contact with the real world, and in service of the reality principle.
(is concerned with “what is possible)
“It is the only regiion of the mind in contact with reality and has to make decisions that account for all regions of the mind as well as reality”
The ego has no strength of its own and can be compared to a persn riding a horse, you can train it and guide it but are ultimately at the mercy of the animal.
What is the super ego? When does it begin to form and what happens if the ego intends to act against the super ego?
The superego serves the moral and idealistic principles and begins to form after the Oedipus complex is resolved.
(Is concerned with what is “proper”)
Guilt is the result when the ego acts—or even intends to act—contrary to the moral standards of the superego
he superego, however, is like the id in that it is completely ignorant of, and unconcerned with, the practicability of its requirements. “The super ego is not concerned with the happiness of the ego”
What is Freud’s cheif belief about motivation and where it comes from?
All motivation can be traced to sexual and aggressive drives.
What are the four parts that make up a drive? Explain them.
Impetus, -the amount of force it exerts;
Source, -its source is the region of the body in a state of excitation or tension
Aim, -its aim is to seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing the tension
Object; -is the person or thing that serves as the means through which the aim is satisfied
Childhood behaviors related to sex and aggression are often punished, which leads to either repression or anxiety.
What does the ego often do to protect itslef from anxiety?
To protect itself against anxiety, the ego initiates various defense mechanisms, the most basic of which is repression.
Freud outlined three major stages of development—what are they?
infancy, latency, and a genital period—but he devoted most attention to the infantile stage.
The infantile stage is divided into three substages—what are they?
oral, anal, and phallic, the last of which is accompanied by the Oedipus complex.
What is the oedipal omplex?
During the simple Oedipal stage, a child desires sexual union with one parent while harboring hostility for the other.
What is a Freudian slip?
Freud believed that dreams and Freudian slips are disguised means of expressing unconscious impulses.
What is the difference between Freud’s Phylogenic endowment and Carl Jung’s Collective unconcious?
Freud relied on his theory only as a last resort after all other approaches that focused on the individual would not work while Jung emphasized his theory at the forefront.
What are the three types of anxieties and which one is each in conflict with?
Realistic-objective danger
Neurotic-conflict between the ego and id
Moral-conflict between ego and super ego
What are defence mechanism supposed to do?
Protect eh ego from anxiety
What are the 7 primary defence mechanisms according to Freud?
repression, reaction formation, displacement, fixation, regression, projection, introjection, and sublimation
Describe reaction formation
adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form.
Describe displacement
it’s the same as a reaction formation except put onto any other object or person and not as exaggerated. (ie taking work out on your family)
Describe fixation
Technically, fixation is the permanent attachment of the libido onto an earlier, more primitive stage of development
Describe regression
Once the libido has passed a developmental stage, it may, during times of stress and anxiety, revert back to that earlier stage.
Describe projection
This is the Mr. Garrison thing.
Paranoia is an extreme version of projection
Desccribe introjection
People introject characteristics that they see as valuable and that will permit them to feel better about themselves.
(copying people on tv-opposite of projection)
Describe sublimation
It’s the one where you chanel your impulses into something socially or culturally acceptable like art, music etc
Describe the latency period
This is when sexual suppression begins to take place and where succesful suppression leads to infants investing their energies into social or productive outlets
Describe the genital period
Adolecence.
-Reproduction is now possible,
-the vagina is no longer a trauma source for either sex
-sexual drives are able to be turned outwards towards other objects
What is the difference between negative and positive tranfereance?
positive transference is when the client starts to build a parent-child relationship with the therapist and can be used as a way of moving through old childhood trauams in a safe place
Negative transference is when the patient starts to resist the flows of the unconsciou which is usually a good sign that the therapy has moved beyond the superficial
Describe the oral phase
“The sexual aim of early oral activity is to incorporate or receive into one’s body the object-choice, that is, the nipple.”
Babies then find ways of coping with the anxiety of not getting what they want through things like thumb sucking
Describe the anal phase
-toilet training
-adults who are stuck in this become ‘anal’ ie overly obstinant and orderly du to a habit of witholding
-
Describe the phallic phase
-Break between girls and boys
-Oedipus complex
What are the main difference between boys and girls in the phallic stage? (4)
-castration complex for girls takes the form of penis envy—not castration anxiety.
-penis envy precedes the female Oedipus complex, whereas for boys the opposite is true
-little girls do not experience a traumatic event comparable to boys’ castration anxiety.
-the female Oedipus complex is more slowly and less completely dissolved than the male Oedipus complex
Describe the lLatency period
This latency stage is brought about partly by parents’ attempts to punish or discourage sexual activity in their young children. If parental suppression is successful, children will repress their sexual drive and direct their psychic energy toward school, friendships, hobbies, and other nonsexual activities
Describe Genital period (5)
-Puberty
-adolescents give up autoeroticism and direct their sexual energy toward another person.
-reproduction is now possible.
-the vagina finally obtains the same status for girls that the penis had for them during infancy.
-boys now see the female organ as a sought-after object rather than a source of trauma.
-the anus, and other pleasure-producing areas take an auxiliary position to the genitals
Describe Maturity
The phalic stage is permenant but there is an alluded possibility of psychologically complete people->
Such people would have a balance among the structures of the mind, with their ego controlling their id and superego but at the same time allowing for reasonable desires and demands.
What is castration anxiety?
To Freud the castration complex begins after a young boy becomes aware of the absence of a penis in girls. The young boy is forced to conclude that the girl has had her penis cut off. This belief may be reinforced by parental threats to punish the boy for his sexual behaviors. The boy is then forced to conclude that the little girl has been punished by having her penis removed because she masturbated or because she seduced her mother.
What is phylogenic endowment?
Freud believed that a portion of our unconscious originates from the experiences of our early ancestors that have been passed on to us through hundreds of generations of repetition. He called these inherited unconscious images our page 29phylogenetic endowment
What is the difference between manifest and latent dream content?
Latent=the real, deep meaning of the dream
Manifest=what appears on the surface
What is condensation and displacement?
They are two things that happen to our dreams after passing through the protective filters.
Condensation: the unconscious material has been abbreviated or condensed before appearing on the manifest level.
Displacement: the dream image is replaced by some other idea only remotely related to it
Are Freud’s ideas considered falsifiable in thetextbook?
No
Why does the textbook rate Freud moderate on his theories ability to organize knowledge?
“it is so loose and flexible that seemingly inconsistent data can coexist within its boundaries.”
Why does Freud’s theory have a low rank when it comes to providing practical solutions?
Most practitioners don’t use his stuff anymore, it didn’t end up being that effective.
Does psychoanalysis possess a set of operationally defined terms?
Such terms as id, ego… conscious, preconscious, …oral stage… Oedipus complex and many others are not operationally defined; that is, they are not spelled out in terms of specific operations or behaviors.
Researchers must originate their own particular definition of most psychoanalytic terms.
Where does Freud rank with generating research? Internal consistency and parsimony?
-Average
-Good
-acceptable. (very complex but so is personality)
Where does Freud land on each area of a person’s concept of personality?
Conscious vs. Unconcious
Free will vs determinism
Child hood vs later experiences
pessimissm vs optimism
causality vs teleology
social vs biological
uniquness vs similarities
Unconscious
Determinism
childhood
pessimism
biological
ambivalent
