Unit 3 Chapter 9 Flashcards
abrasions
a superficial scraping of the epidermis
anaphylactic
hypersensitive state of the body to a foreign protein or drug
automated external defibrillator (AED)
portable, self-contained, automatic device with voice instructions on use for individuals in cardiac arrest. It is used externally to electronically “shock” the myocardium into contracting again. same as cardioversion
avulsion
an open wound in which the skin is torn off and bleeding is profuse
bandage
non-sterile gauze or another material applied over a sterile dressing to protect and immobilize
cardiogenic
a type of shock in which the cardiac muscle is unable to contract and adequately provide blood to the body
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
combination of recue breathing and chest compressions performed by a trained individual on a patient experiencing cardiac arrest
cardioversion
conversion of a pathological cardiac rhythm (arrhythmia), such as ventricular fibrillation, to normal sinus rhythm
cauterized
to destroy tissue through application of a caustic agent, a hot instrument, an electric current, or other agent
constriction band
term used to replace tourniquet (no longer used) in emergencies. a band of material used to control severe bleeding in an extremity that has been injured due to trauma.
crash tray or cart
tray or portable cart that contains medications and supplies needed for emergency and first aid procedures
crepitation
grating sound heard on movement of ends of a broken bone
dislocation
displacement of a bone or joint from its normal position
dressing
sterile gauze or material applied directly to a wound to absorb secretions and to protect
emergency medical services (EMS)
a local network of police, fire, and medical personnel trained to respond to emergency situations. in many communities the system is activated by calling 911
explicit
fully revealed or expressed without ambiguity or vagueness, leaving no question as to intent
first aid
immediate (or first) care provided to persons who are suddenly ill or injured; first aid is typically followed by more comprehensive care and treatment
fracture
break in a bone. There are several types of fractures, but all are classified as either open or closed fractures
hypothermia
extremely dangerous cold-related condition that can result in death if the individual does not receive care and if the progression of hypothermia is not reversed. Symptoms include shivering, cold skin, and confusion
hypovolemic
a type of shock in which the body has lost blood or fluid volumen to such an extent that there is not enough circulating volumen to fill the ventricles. the heart attempts to compensate in increasing the heart rate
implicit
capable of being understood from something else though unexpressed; implied
lackluster
dull; lacking in sheen
myocardial infarction (MI)
a heart attack; usually caused by a blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries
neurogenic
a type of shock in which there is injury or trauma to the nervous system causing the loss of tone in the vessels resulting in massive dilation of arterioles and venuoles. this results in a dramatic drop in blood pressure
normal saline
a solution of sodium chloride (salt) and distilled water. It has the same osmotic pressure as blood serum. It is also known as isotonic or physiologic saline
occlusion
closure of a passage
rescue breathing
performed on individuals in respiratory arrest, rescue breathing is a mouth-to-mouth (using appropriate protective equipment) or mount-to-nose procedure that provides oxygen to the patient until emergency personnel arrive
septic
overwhelming infection that usually occurs in critically ill patients. the vasodilation and decreased ability of the cells and tissue to utilize oxygen is the basis for this type of shock
shock
potentially serious condition in which the circulatory system is not providing enough blood to all parts of the body, causing the body’s organs to fail to function properly
splint
any device used to immobilize a body part. often used by EMS personnel
sprain
injury to a joint, often an ankle, knee, or wrist that involves tearing of the ligaments. most sprains are minor and heal quickly; others are more severe, including swelling, and may not heal properly if the patient continues to put stress on the sprained joint
Standard Precautions
precautions developed in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that augment universal precautions and body substance isolation practices. they provide a wider range of protection and are used any time there is contact with blood, moist body fluid (except perspiration), mucus membranes, or no-intact skin. they are designed to protect all health care providers, patients, and visitors
strain
injury to the soft tissue between joints that involves the tearing of muscles or tendons. strains often occur in the neck, back, or thigh muscles
syncope
fainting
triage
screening to determine which patient is treated first when two or more patients present with emergencies simultaneously
universal emergency medical identification symbol
identification sometimes carried by individuals to identify health problems they may have
vasovagal syncope
sudden faint due to hypotension induced by response of the autonomic nervous system to abrupt emotional stress, pain, or trauma
wound
a break in the continuity of soft parts of body structures caused by violence or trauma to tissues. in an open wound, skin is broken as in a laceration, abrasion, avulsion, or incision. in a closed wound, skin is not broken as in contusion, ecchymosis, or hematoma
