Unit 3 (Chapter 6-8)

Question 1

What was the Iron Curtain?

Answer 1

The barrier in Europe between the self-governing, pro-democratic, pro-capitalist countries of the West and countries in pro-soviet eastern Europe under communist Soviet control.

Question 2

What is the Cold War?

Answer 2

The political, economic and social struggle between the Soviet Union and its allies, and the US and its allies, was conducted using propaganda, economic measures, and spying rather than military means.

Question 3

Which 2 countries emerged from the Second World War as superpowers?

Answer 3

The USSR and USA

Question 4

What was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 4

Financial and technical aid to help the recovery of countries ravaged by war in Europe in order to turn people capitalist

Question 5

Why did the Soviet Union reject the Marshall Plan?

Answer 5

Because the Marshall Plan had individualism conditions. Countries had to turn Capitalist to receive financial help. The Soviet Union was against this because they were Communist.

Question 6

What was the Molotov Plan?

Answer 6

A Soviet aid package. It offered trade agreements between other countries.

Question 7

What was the Berlin Airlift? Why did it happen?

Answer 7

It was an effort to resupply the democratic side of Berlin. Stalin cut off West Berlin from all outside supplies. Stalin was upset that people kept leaving the Communist side for the Capitalist side. Stalin tried to prevent that.

Question 8

What was the Berlin Wall? What was its purpose? (West and East view)

Answer 8

It separated West and East Berlin.
West view - it was to stop the flow of East Germans from Soviet-dominated east Berlin to West Berlin.
East View - claimed the wall was meant to protect them.

Question 9

What was the purpose of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956? Why didn’t it succeed?

Answer 9

They were trying to overthrow the Communist government. It didn’t succeed because they expected the USA to help, but they didn’t due to the Truman Doctrine. So the USSR crushed the Rebellion.

Question 10

What was the purpose of the Prague Spring of 1968? Why didn’t it succeed?

Answer 10

The new czech gov’t wanted to loosen restrictions on free speech, travel, the media, and limit the powers of the secret police. 4 countries (including the USSR) invaded and reversed the reforms. The USA didn’t help because the country was already communist. (remember the Truman doctrine)

Question 11

What was the purpose of the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

Answer 11

It was the US trying to overthrow the Castro government in order to get rid of Communism in Cuba

Question 12

What was the cause of and resolution to the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 12

Cause : Castro (Cuba) and the USSR developed a relationship and the USSR brought missiles to Cuba and aimed them at the US.
Resolution : The USA and USSR compromised. The US agreed to remove their nuclear missiles from Turkey if the USSR removed theirs from Cuba. This worked.

Question 13

What happened during the 1960 U-2 incident?

Answer 13

The U-2 was an American spy plane and when it arrived in the USSR it was shot down. The pilot of the U-2 was captured by the Soviets. The Soviets reported than an American Spy had been captured.

Question 14

How did enfranchisement bring transformation?

Answer 14

As more citizens were given the right to vote, politicians who wanted to be elected had to introduce policies that would meet their needs like labour laws. This caused more and more protections for the working class.

Question 15

What is the purpose if Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth?

Answer 15

They work to protect the environment.

Question 16

What is neo-conservatism economic policy?

Answer 16

The belief that economic growth could be stimulated through cutting taxes and limited government involvement

Question 16

What is neo-conservatism?

Answer 16

It is a reaction against modern liberal principles that were “taken too far”. (aka. An ideology that challenges modern liberalism and favours a return to classical liberalism.)

Question 17

What is the view of neo-conservatives on the role of government?

Answer 17

They are uncomfortable with a large role for the government. They believe the government shouldn’t provide so many services.

Question 17

What is the view of neo-conservatives on foreign policy?

Answer 17

They believe that patriotism should be encouraged and that a strong military is essential

Question 17

What is the view of neo-conservatives on morality?

Answer 17

They base their morals on Christianity

Question 17

What caused the stock market crash of 1929?

Answer 17

When stock prices stopped rising people began selling their stocks, the stock prices dipped farther and as more people sold, people panicked and prices dropped even more. Some stocks were cut in half

Question 18

What was the impact of the Great Depression on America’s Economy?

Answer 18

It had a large negative impact on America’s economy. The unemployment rate was 25% and incomes were ~54% of what they were in 1929.

Question 19

In what 2 distinct ways was Roosevelt’s New Deal a noteworthy response to the Great Depression?

Answer 19

• it extended government involvement and intervention in the economy farther than ever before and it represented an acceptance of the government having a direct role in the economy.
• It expanded the meaning of “people who matter” beyond the wealthy industrialists to apply to ordinary citizens.

Question 20

What are 2 examples of Social Programs?

Answer 20

• The Unemployment Insurance Act (1940)
• Family Allowance (1944)

Question 21

How and Why did OPEC cause the price of oil to quadruple?

Answer 21

When Egypt attacked Israel, the US and Western Europe supported Israel by the OPEC imposing a 5 month oil boycott on the US and Western Europe. This led to a reduced supply of oil, which led to the price of oil to quadruple.

Question 22

How does Monetarism compare to Keynesian Economics?

Answer 22

Monetarism focuses on controlling the money supply whereas Keynesian Economics focuses on government spending and taxes.

Question 23

What is the Christian Right?

Answer 23

A coalition of conservative groups in liberal democracies that focuses on applying Christian beliefs to Public Property.
(aka. Conservative right-wing, anti-abortion, pro-creationism group.)