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Social 30-1 > Unit 1 (intro-2) > Flashcards

Unit 1 (intro-2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Individualism?

A

A current of thinking that values the freedom and worth of the individual over the security and harmony of the group. (Me first)

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2
Q

What is Collectivism?

A

A current of thinking that values the goals of the group and the common good over the goals of an individual. (Group first)

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3
Q

What is Ideology?

A

An understanding of how the world is and how it ought to be.

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4
Q

Who is Thomas Hobbes?

A

He said life would be “nasty, brutish and short” without government. He said people are selfish, violent and need a strong ruler. Government must have full authority. He believed in authoritarianism.

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5
Q

Who is John Locke?

A

He believed people are rational, intelligent and reasonable; that gov’t existed only to protect life, liberty, and property and that all gov’t action had to be justified by popular consent. He believed in Libertarianism.

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6
Q

Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?

A

He believed people are good but are corrupted by society; that private property leads to jealousy and corruption; endorsed direct democracy. He believed in Libertarianism.

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7
Q

Define ideology

A

An understanding of how the world is and how it ought to be.

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8
Q

What are the factors that shape our identities? (8)

A
  1. Family
  2. Gender
  3. Religion and Spirituality
  4. Environment
  5. Relationship to land
  6. Language and ideology
  7. Media, beliefs and values
  8. Government
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9
Q

Factors that shape ideology:
1. Family

A

Your family is the earliest influence on your personal beliefs and values.

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10
Q

Factors that shape ideology:
2. Gender

A

Both genders view the world differently and are treated differently in the world, this influences their believes and values differently.

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11
Q

Factors that shape ideology:
3. Religion and Spirituality

A

This can give meaning to peoples lives and provide them with a moral system that influences their actions as individuals. What someone has faith in influences their ideology.

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12
Q

Factors that shape ideology:
4. Environment

A

Your environment influences your lifestyle, decision making progress and the way we interact with the world around us. The environment being in danger has even led to politics being altered. This shapes your identity.

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13
Q

Factors that shape ideology:
5. Relationship to land

A

If your livelihood is connected to land or natural resources, this might exert a strong influence on your identity.

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14
Q

Factors that shape ideology:
6. Language and ideology

A

It expresses different cultures in the language itself, reflection of cultural norms and slang, this influences peoples identities.

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15
Q

Factors that shape ideology:
7. Media, beliefs and values

A

What you see in media makes you believe that is what the world is like. This shapes people as individuals and can even cause collective identity.

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16
Q

Factors that shape ideology:
8. Government

A

The government enforces laws that we must follow. These laws influence our identities cuz they make us act certain ways.

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17
Q

What are the 6 themes of ideology?

A
  1. Nation
  2. Class
  3. Race.
  4. Environment and relationship to land.
  5. Gender
  6. Religion.
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18
Q

Themes of Ideology:
1. Nation

A

A community of people usually occupying a defined territory, often politically independent.

19
Q

Themes of Ideology:
2. Class

A

A division of society, such as the middle class usually defined by income, wealth, privileges or role in society

20
Q

Themes of Ideology:
3. Race

A

A grouping of human being as distinguished according to biological traits such as skin colour.

21
Q

Themes of ideology:
4. Environment and relationship to land

A

The natural surroundings in which a person lives and his/her connection to those surroundings.

22
Q

Themes of ideology:
5. Gender

A

The male or female sex considered as a sociological category

23
Q

Themes of ideology:
6. Religion

A

The worship of 1 or more deities and acceptance of a particular set of values associated with that worship.

24
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

“Rebirth” this period is characterized by a renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman culture. They revived ideas that humans are important and revived the importance of the individual.

25
Q

What was the Protestant Reformation?

A

It contributed to the growth of individualism by challenging the authority of the church. People began to explore their faith on a more personal level.

26
Q

What are the 6 principles of Individualism?

A
  1. Rule of Law
  2. Individual Rights and Freedoms
  3. Private Property
  4. Economic Freedom
  5. Self-Interest
  6. Competition
27
Q

Principles of Individualism
1. Rule of Law

A

Every individual is equal before the law

28
Q

Principles of Individualism
2. Individual rights and freedoms

A

An important feature of liberal democracies including freedom of religion, freedom of association and right to life, liberty, and security.

29
Q

Principles of Individualism
3. Private Property

A

Something owned by an individual, a house, clothes etc.

30
Q

Principles of individualism
4. Economic freedom

A

The freedom to buy what you want and to sell your labour, product or idea to whomever you wish.

31
Q

Principles of Individualism
5. Self-Interest

A

One’s personal interest or advantage

32
Q

Principles of Individualism
6. Competition

A

The act of completing with others (many different companies selling similar things)

33
Q

What is Laizzez-Faire?

A

Letting things take their own course. Leave it alone. Government doesn’t interfere in the free market.

34
Q

Who is Adam Smith?

A

He is the Father of Capitalism.
He saw self-interest as an “invisible hand”.

35
Q

What is the “Invisible Hand”?

A

Idea that self-interest guides individuals to contribute to the common good of everyone.

36
Q

What are the 6 principles of Collectivism?

A
  1. Economic Equality
  2. Co-operation
  3. Public Property
  4. Collective Interest
  5. Collective Responsibility
  6. Adherence to Collective Norms
37
Q

Principles of Collectivism
1. Economic Equality

A

Governments may foster this through tax policies and by ensuring everyone receives equal wages (varies on persons ideology)

38
Q

Principles of Collectivism
2. Co-Operation

A

Working together to the same end.

39
Q

Principles of Collectivism
3. Public Property

A

Anything not privately owned by individuals

40
Q

Principles of Collectivism
4. Collective Interest

A

Refers to the set of interests that members of a group have in common

41
Q

Principles of Collectivism
5. Collective Responsibility

A

Holding the whole group responsible for the actions of individuals within the group.

42
Q

Principles of Collectivism
6. Adherence to Collective Norms

A

Groups usually impose standards on their members as a condition of membership in the group.

43
Q

What is an NGO?

A

Non-Governmental Agency.
They are collectivist since they work toward a goal that serves the common good while incorporating individualism such as private initiatives.

Social 30-1 (5 decks)

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