Unit 3: Cellular Energetics Flashcards
Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Enzyme
A protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
ATP
The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water
Cellular respiration
The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water
Glycolysis
Also known as the citric acid cycle; a series of reactions that produce electron carriers in the mitochondria
Krebs cycle
Also known as the citric acid cycle; a series of reactions that produce electron carriers in the mitochondria
Electron transport chain
The movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, used to produce ATP
Chemiosmosis
The movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, used to produce ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation
An anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+
Fermentation
An anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose
Light-dependent reactionsm
Reactions of photosynthesis that use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH
Calvin cycle
Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose
Chlorophyll
A green pigment found in chloroplasts that captures light energy for photosynthesis
