Unit 2: Cell Structure And Function Flashcards
Organelle
Specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function
Plasma membrane
A selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment
Phospholipid bilayer
A double layer of phospholipids that makes up the plasma membrane
Selective permeability
Property of cellular membranes that only allows certain molecules to enter or exit the cell
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Facilitated diffusion
Movement of molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
Active transport
The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy (ATP)
Endocytosis
Process by which a cell takes in material by engulfing it with its membrane
Exocytosis
Process by which a cell expels material using vesicles that fuse with the membrane
Tonicity
The ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
Surface area-to-volume ratio
Affects the rate of diffusion and transport in and out of cells
Prokaryote
A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryote
A cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis
Ribosome
A cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis
Mitochondria
Organelle that produces ATP through cellular respiration
Chloroplast
A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis
Golgi apparatus
Organelle containing digestive enzymes to break down waste
Lysosome
Organelle containing digestive enzymes to break down waste
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein filaments that help the cell maintain its shape and internal organization
