Unit 3 - Cellular Energetics Flashcards
The process by which glucose is broken up into 2 pyruvates
Glycolysis
Converts Pyruvate into Acetyl -CoA before entering Krebs Cycle
Pyruvate Oxidation
Glycolysis produces _ ATP
2
Glycolysis Produces _ NADPH
2
Pyruvate Oxidation produces _ NADPH per 1 pyruvate
2
Completes breakdown of glucose by Oxidizing Acetyl- CoA
Citric Acid/ Krebs Cycle
How many rounds of the Krebs Cycle are required for 1 glucose molecule?
2 rounds
How much ATP is produced per round of Krebs Cycle?
2
Krebs Cycle produces _ NADPH and _ FADH2 per 1 glucose molecule
6 NADPH
2 FADH2
What is the function of ETC?
Transport electrons through protein complexes to generate a proton gradient
Electrons from NADPH and FADH2 combine with O2 to create?
Water
Enzymes that use the protein gradient to make ATP
ATP Synthase
Anaerobic respiration and Fermentation produce _ in the absence of _
ATP
Oxygen
This process converts light energy into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Formula for Photosynthesis
Light reactions occur in the _ membrane
Thylakoid
Calvin Cycle occurs in the _ of a chloroplast
Stroma
The movement of ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria or thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts, used in the creation of ATP.
Chemiosmosis
H+ is moved into the _ _ space of the mitochondria, creating a _ _. This is also known as Proton Motive Force (PMF)
inner membrane
concentration gradient
where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in Eukaryotes
Inner Mitochondrial membrane
where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in Prokaryotes?
Cell Membrane
Oxidative Phosphorylation occurs in the inner membrane because the inner membrane folds forming _, which increases _ _, and allows for thousands of etc in a single mitochondrion.
cristae
surface area
Explain Redox Reactions
chemical reactions where one substance is oxidized ( loses an electron) and the other is reduced (gains electrons)
On a graph, the independent variable (what we can control) goes on the _ - axis
X
C6H12O6 is the formula for -
Glucose
After the Citric Acid Cycle, glucose becomes
_ NADPH
_ FADH2
_ GTP
_ CO2
6
4
4
2
Photorespiration is the process that wastes energy and reduces sugar production in plants by using _ instead of _
Oxygen instead of CO2
When does photorespiration occur?
When Rubisco binds to oxygen by mistake under hot and dry conditions
Main steps of Calvin Cycle are: (in order)
Carbon Fixation (1)
Reduction (2)
Regeneration (3)
What occurs in Carbon - Fixation?
Co2 will join to RuBP, a 5- carbon molecule, through an enzyme known as Rubisco. They will form a 6-carbon molecule that will be broken down into two 3 carbon molecules known as 3PG
what occurs during Reduction?
The two 3PG molecules from Carbon Fixation are phosphorylated; they receive a phosphate from the ATP made in light reactions.
What occurs in Regeneration?
Most of the G3P formed in Reduction will be turned back into RuBP with the help of ATP
In reduction, each molecule of 3PG is reduced into _
G3P
