Unit 3 Cell Structure and Function Vocab

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

membrane that surrounds cytoplasm; regulates passage of molecules in and out of cells

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

organelle found inside nucleus; composed largely of RNA for ribosome formation

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

large organelle that contains chromosomes; acts as control center

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

ground substance of cells located between nucleus and plasma membrane

Question 5

Cytoskeleton

Answer 5

system of microtubules and filaments that reinforce a cells 3 dimensional form; maintains cell shape and allows movement of cell and its contents

Question 6

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

complex system of tubules, vesicles and sacs in cells; sometimes has attached ribosomes

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

minute particle, found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or loose in the cytoplasm that is the site of protein systhesis

Question 8

Centriole

Answer 8

short, cylindrical organelle that contains microtubules in a 9 + 0 pattern; is associated with the formation of spindle during cell division

Question 9

Lysosome

Answer 9

organelle involved in intracellular digestion; contains powerful digestive enzymes

Question 10

Peroxisome

Answer 10

small vesicles in a cell which contain enzymes for the breakdown of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide

Question 11

Flagellum

Answer 11

slender, long process used for locomotion-for example, by sperm

Question 12

Cilium

Answer 12

short hairlike projections from the plasma membrane occurring usually in large numbers

Question 13

Golgi apparatuos

Answer 13

organelle that consists of concentrically folded membranes and that functions in the packaging and secretion of cellular products

Question 14

Mitochondrion

Answer 14

organelle in which cellular respiration produces the energy molecule ATP

Question 15

Active transport

Answer 15

transfer of a substance into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient by a process that requires a plasma membrane carrier protein and an expenditure of energy

Question 16

Hypertonic solution

Answer 16

solution that has a higher concentration of solute and a lower concentration of water than a cell

Question 17

Water intoxication

Answer 17

disorder caused by excessive water consumption, resulting in edema and electrolyte imbalance

Question 18

Pinocytosis

Answer 18

form of endocytosis in which the cell takes in liquids

Question 19

Meiosis

Answer 19

type of cell division in which the daughter cells have 23 chromosomes; occurs during spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Question 20

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 20

molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid) that carries an amino acid to a ribosome engaged in the process of protein synthesis