Unit 3: Cell Structure And Function

Question 0

Cell (plasma) membrane

Answer 0

the semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy.

Question 2

Endosymbioisis

Answer 2

symbiosis in which one symbiont lives within the body of the other.

Question 3

Exocytosis

Answer 3

the transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane
(Exo= out of/exit)

Question 4

Phagocytosis

Answer 4

the ingestion of a smaller cell or cell fragment, a microorganism, or foreign particles by means of the local infolding of a cell’s membrane and the protrusion of its cytoplasm around the fold until the material has been surrounded and engulfed by closure of the membrane and formation of a vacuole

Question 5

Passive transport

Answer 5

Movement of ions across a semi permeable membrane without the use of energy

Question 6

Cell wall

Answer 6

the definite boundary or wall that is part of the outer structure of certain cells, as a plant cell.

Question 7

Centriole

Answer 7

A small, cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, that divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis, the new pair of centrioles moving ahead of the spindle to opposite poles of the cell as the cell divides: identical in internal structure to a basal body.

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

A plastid containing chlorophyll.

Question 9

Cytosol

Answer 9

the water-soluble components of cell cytoplasm, constituting the fluid portion that remains after removal of the organelles and other intracellular structures.

Question 10

Cytoplasm

Answer 10

the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles.

Question 11

Desmosomes

Answer 11

a plaquelike site on a cell surface that functions in maintaining cohesion with an adjacent cell.

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

act of diffusing; state of being diffused.

Also called migration. an intermingling of molecules, ions, etc., resulting from random thermal agitation, as in the dispersion of a vapor in air.

Question 13

Endocytosis

Answer 13

the transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle (distinguished from exocytosis ).

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

*finish

Question 15

Gap junction

Answer 15

a linkage of two adjacent cells consisting of a system of channels extending across a gap from one cell to the other, allowing the passage of ions and small molecules.

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

an organelle, consisting of layers of flattened sacs, that takes up and processes secretory and synthetic products from the endoplasmic reticulum and then either releases the finished products into various parts of the cell cytoplasm or secretes them to the outside of the cell.

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death.

Question 18

Mitochondrion

Answer 18

an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production.

Question 19

Nucleolus

Answer 19

Inside the nucleus
Chromosome material
Ribosomes production
RNA production

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

a specialized, usually spherical mass of protoplasm encased in a double membrane, and found in most living eukaryotic cells, directing their growth, metabolism, and reproduction, and functioning in the transmission of genic characters

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane.

Question 22

Pinocytosis

Answer 22

the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm.

Question 23

Plasmodesmata

Answer 23

any of many minute strands of cytoplasm that extend through plant cell walls and connect adjoining cells.

Question 24

Ribosome

Answer 24

a tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of endoplasmic reticula, and functioning as the site of protein manufacture.

Question 25

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 25

a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum) involved in the transport of materials.

Question 26

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 26

a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring with a smooth surface .

Question 27

Vacuole

Answer 27

a membrane-bound cavity within a cell, often containing a watery liquid or secretion. See diag. under cell.

Question 28

Tight junction

Answer 28

When 2 come together they completely block fluids