Unit 3: Cell Structure And Function Flashcards
Cell (plasma) membrane
the semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell.
Active transport
the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy.
Endosymbioisis
symbiosis in which one symbiont lives within the body of the other.
Exocytosis
the transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane
(Exo= out of/exit)
Phagocytosis
the ingestion of a smaller cell or cell fragment, a microorganism, or foreign particles by means of the local infolding of a cell’s membrane and the protrusion of its cytoplasm around the fold until the material has been surrounded and engulfed by closure of the membrane and formation of a vacuole
Passive transport
Movement of ions across a semi permeable membrane without the use of energy
Cell wall
the definite boundary or wall that is part of the outer structure of certain cells, as a plant cell.
Centriole
A small, cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, that divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis, the new pair of centrioles moving ahead of the spindle to opposite poles of the cell as the cell divides: identical in internal structure to a basal body.
Chloroplast
A plastid containing chlorophyll.
Cytosol
the water-soluble components of cell cytoplasm, constituting the fluid portion that remains after removal of the organelles and other intracellular structures.
Cytoplasm
the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles.
Desmosomes
a plaquelike site on a cell surface that functions in maintaining cohesion with an adjacent cell.
Diffusion
act of diffusing; state of being diffused.
Also called migration. an intermingling of molecules, ions, etc., resulting from random thermal agitation, as in the dispersion of a vapor in air.
Endocytosis
the transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle (distinguished from exocytosis ).
Facilitated diffusion
*finish
Gap junction
a linkage of two adjacent cells consisting of a system of channels extending across a gap from one cell to the other, allowing the passage of ions and small molecules.
Golgi apparatus
an organelle, consisting of layers of flattened sacs, that takes up and processes secretory and synthetic products from the endoplasmic reticulum and then either releases the finished products into various parts of the cell cytoplasm or secretes them to the outside of the cell.
Lysosomes
a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death.
Mitochondrion
an organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production.
Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus
Chromosome material
Ribosomes production
RNA production
Nucleus
a specialized, usually spherical mass of protoplasm encased in a double membrane, and found in most living eukaryotic cells, directing their growth, metabolism, and reproduction, and functioning in the transmission of genic characters
Osmosis
the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane.
Pinocytosis
the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm.
Plasmodesmata
any of many minute strands of cytoplasm that extend through plant cell walls and connect adjoining cells.
