Unit 3: Cell Energetics improved

Question 1

Term: Autotroph

Answer 1

Definition: An organism that produces its own food through processes like photosynthesis.

Question 2

Term: Heterotroph

Answer 2

Definition: An organism that obtains its energy by consuming other organisms.

Question 3

Term: ATP

Answer 3

Definition: Adenosine triphosphate; a molecule that carries energy within cells.

Question 4

Term: ADP

Answer 4

Definition: Adenosine diphosphate; a molecule formed when ATP releases energy.

Question 5

Term: Enzyme (e.g., ATP Synthase)

Answer 5

Definition: A biological catalyst that facilitates and speeds up specific chemical reactions.

Question 6

Term: Carbon Cycle

Answer 6

Definition: The movement of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms.

Question 7

Term: Combustion

Answer 7

Definition: The process of burning organic matter, releasing heat and producing carbon dioxide and water.

Question 8

Term: Respiration

Answer 8

Definition: The process by which cells break down organic compounds to release energy.

Question 9

Term: Mitochondria

Answer 9

Definition: Organelles where cellular respiration occurs, producing ATP.

Question 10

Term: Energy Transformation

Answer 10

Definition: The conversion of one form of energy into another.

Question 11

Term: Anaerobic

Answer 11

Definition: Processes that occur without the presence of oxygen.

Question 12

Term: Aerobic

Answer 12

Definition: Processes that require the presence of oxygen.

Question 13

Term: Fermentation

Answer 13

Definition: An anaerobic process that converts sugars into alcohol or lactic acid, producing a small amount of ATP.

Question 14

Term: Glycolysis

Answer 14

Definition: The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP during cellular respiration.

Question 15

Term: Krebs Cycle

Answer 15

Definition: A series of chemical reactions that generate energy during cellular respiration.

Question 16

Term: Electron Transport Chain

Answer 16

Definition: A series of protein complexes in the mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons, generating ATP.

Question 17

Term: Photosynthesis

Answer 17

Definition: The process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).

Question 18

Term: Chloroplast

Answer 18

Definition: Organelles where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.

Question 19

Term: Thylakoid

Answer 19

Definition: Disk-shaped structures inside chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.

Question 20

Term: Stroma

Answer 20

Definition: The fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids in a chloroplast, where the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis takes place.

Question 21

Term: Chlorophyll

Answer 21

Definition: The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 22

Term: Light Independent

Answer 22

Definition: Phase of photosynthesis (Calvin cycle) that does not require light.

Question 23

Term: Light Dependent

Answer 23

Definition: Phase of photosynthesis that requires light to produce ATP and NADPH.