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T2 - biochem midterm 1 > Unit 3: Carbs > Flashcards

Unit 3: Carbs Flashcards

ENDED S 29

1
Q

What is the ratio of H to O in carbs?

A

2:1

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2
Q

What are the two primary functional groups of carbs

A

aldehydes & ketones

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3
Q

______ are carbs that can not be further hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes

A

monosaccaharides

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4
Q

_________ : ea. molec can be hydrolyzed into two monosaccarides

A

dissaccharides

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5
Q

_____: polymers of 3+ monosaccharide residues

A

polysaccharides

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6
Q

______: polymers of more then 6 monosaccharide units

A

oligosaccharides

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7
Q

_____ are the only unit of a carb that can be absorbed in the small intestines

A

monosaccharides

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8
Q

_____ are sugars

A

carbohydrates

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9
Q

______ are “complex carbs”

A

polysaccharides

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10
Q

Digestive carbs have _____ bonds

A

alpha bonds

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11
Q

Undigestive carbs have ____ bonds

A

beta bonds

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12
Q

Straight chain carbs have a ___-___ configuration

A

1-4

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13
Q

Branch chain carbs have a ___-___ configuration

A

1-6

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14
Q

Name two 3C carbohydrate with aldose fxn groups attached

A

D/L : glyceraldehyde , glycerose

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15
Q

Name one ketoses 3C carbohydrate

A

dihydroxyacetone

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16
Q

name one 4C aldose

A

D-erythrose

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17
Q

name one 4C ketose

A

D-erythrulose

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18
Q

name three 4C aldose

A

D-ribose
D-xylose
2’ - deoxyribose

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19
Q

name two 5C ketose

A

D-ribulose

D-xylulose

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20
Q

name three 6C aldose

A

D-glucose
D-galactose
D- mannose

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21
Q

name one 6C ketose

A

D-fructose

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22
Q

Maltose is a ____saccharide

A

disaccharide

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23
Q

def: _____: two polymer subunits bonded together

A

dimer

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24
Q

def: _____: to breakdown chemically, with water

A

hydrolyzed

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25
Q

______ is a dimer of glucose

A

maltose

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26
Q

_______ + glucose = maltose

A

glucose

27
Q

_____ + glucose = sucrose

A

fructose

28
Q

fructose + glucose = ______

A

sucrose

29
Q

sucrose is hydrolyzed by _____

A

sucrase (invertase)

  • when sucrase hydrolyzes sucrose it changes the direction of light hitting it
30
Q

glucose + ______ = lactose

A

galactose

31
Q

glucose + galactose = ______

A

lactose

32
Q

disaccharide that humans vcan not digest

A

cellobiose

33
Q

cellobiose is a dimer of ___

A

D-glucose

34
Q

name the two components that make up starch

A

amylose & amylopectin

35
Q

starch is a _____saccharide

A

polysaccharide

36
Q

______ is a polymer of D-glucose

A

starch

37
Q

_____ is a dimer of D-glucose

A

maltose

38
Q

starch is hydrolized by _____

A

alpha - amylase

39
Q

starch is hydrolyzed by alpha- amylase into : (3)

A

glucose
maltose
isomaltose

40
Q

Polysaccharide in humans ?

A

glycogen

41
Q

polysaccaride in plants?

A

starch

42
Q

monomer that makes up glycogen

A

D-glucose

w/ 8 ~res branches

43
Q

what hydrolyzes glycogen ?

A

alpha amylase

44
Q

monomer of inulin

A

D-fructose

45
Q

_______: D-glucose polymers from starch hydrolysis

A

dextrin

46
Q

name 4 disaccharides

A

maltose
sucrose
lactose
cellobiose

47
Q

name 4 polysaccharides

A

starch
glycogen
inulin
dextrin

48
Q

What is the difference of starch vs cellulose

A

starch: alpha1-4
cellulose: beta 1-4

49
Q

Difference btw hemicellulose and cellulose

A

cellulose- crystalline, strong and resistant to hydrolysis

hemicellulose- xylose is present in large amt., random , amorphous structure

50
Q

____ polymer of galacturonic acid

A

pectin

51
Q

_____ joins plant cells together

A

pectin

52
Q

Fungus enzymes break down ____ in fruit , makes the fruit soft

A

pectin

53
Q

is pectin digestable?

A

no

54
Q

___ : polymer of methoxy phenol

A

lignin

55
Q

______ is the major glycoprotein in plant walls

A

extensin

56
Q

glucose 6-phosphate is an example of a sugar phosphate ______

A

phytic acid

57
Q

What are the 9 dietary fibers?

A 
cellulose 
hemicellulose 
pectin 
liginin
mucilage 
glycoprotein 
phytic acid 
waxes
trace minerals
58
Q

____ are formed from the reduction of carbs

A

polyols

59
Q

D-glucose + D-fructose reduced =

A

D-sorbitol

60
Q

D-fructose + D-mannose reduced =

A

Mannitol

61
Q

D-galactose reduced =

A

D-galactitol

62
Q

D-xylose reduced =

A

D- xylitol

63
Q

Dihydroxyacetone reduced =

A

glycerol

64
Q

______: IS FORMED BY OXIDATION OF CARBS

A

sugar acids

T2 - biochem midterm 1 (6 decks)

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