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T2 - biochem midterm 1 > unit 1: Intro and review of organic compounds > Flashcards

unit 1: Intro and review of organic compounds Flashcards

1
Q

_____: the science of sub. that occur in living tiss. and the metab, fxn, and excretion of metab wastes of these sub. by the tiss

A

biochemistry

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2
Q

_____ is the breakdown of compounds

A

cabolism

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3
Q

____ is the building of compounds

A

anabolism

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4
Q

def: _______ : originating from within an organism

A

endogenous

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5
Q

Where does the body obtain substance that make up the body

A
  1. endogenous ex: liver making glucose

2. diet

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6
Q

What happens when the body catabolizes compounds?

A

releases biochemically available energy

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7
Q

_____: occur as salts, free ions or bound to organic molecules

A

inorganic compounds

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8
Q

inorganic compounds occur as ____, free ____, or bound to ______

A

salts
ions
organic molec.

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9
Q

what makes a compound an “organic compound”

A

carbon compounds

exception is urea

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10
Q

What is the one exception of an organic compound ?

A

urea

O= C(NH2)2

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11
Q

_____ are the most reactive part of a molec

A

functional group

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12
Q

Organic compounds can possess ________ functional groups

A

one or more

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13
Q

What is used to classify a compound?

A

functional group

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14
Q

Name in order the 6 functional groups that are prioritized from 1 through 6

A
  1. Carboxyl -COOH
  2. Aldehyde -CHO
  3. Ketone - >C=O
  4. Alcohol -OH
  5. alkyne Carbon triple bone
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15
Q

Carboxyl group

A

-COOH

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16
Q

Aldehyde group

A

-CHO

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17
Q

Ketone group

A

> C=O

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18
Q

Alcohol group

A

-OH

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19
Q

alkyne group

A

triple carbon bond

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20
Q

Amine group

A

-NH2

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21
Q

Ether

A

-ROR

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22
Q

Aryl

A

-Ar

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23
Q

Halogen

A

-X

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24
Q

Alkyl

A

-R

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25
Q

Alkane

A

C-C

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26
Q

What is a conjugate ring

A

a ring that has alternating double bonds

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27
Q

What are hydocarbons composed of?

A

only C and H

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28
Q

_______ are single convalent bonds between carbons

A

alkanes

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29
Q

______ alkanes are open chain hydrocarbons

A

aliphatic

straight chain

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30
Q

_____ are alpha amino acids

A

alanine

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31
Q

equation for H’s in an alkane

A

2n+2

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32
Q

___________: are cyclic carbone alkanes

A

alicyclic (or carbocyclic)

2n

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33
Q

_____ are double bonded carbons

A

alkenes

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34
Q

beta-carotene is an example of an alk___

A

alkene

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35
Q

_____ alkenes are open chain hydrocarbons

A

aliphatic

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36
Q

?? _____ are non-aromatic rings

A

alicyclic

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37
Q

____ are conjugated rings that alternate double bonds

A

aromatic

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38
Q

Equation for H’s on a alkene

A

2n

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39
Q

_____: two compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

A

isomer

40
Q

structural isomers are?

A

two compounds with the same molecular formula but different sructural formulas

41
Q

_____: two molecules that have the same molecular and structural formulas but different spatial arrangement and different properties

A

stereoisomerism

42
Q

Stereoisomers have the same molecular and structural formula but different _______

A

spatial arrangement –> the 3D orientation is different

thus making different properties

43
Q

Cis and trans isomers are ______

A

stereoisomers

44
Q

_____ are triple bonds btw carbons

A

alkynes

45
Q

are alkynes found in living tissue?

A

no

46
Q

-al

A

aldehyde

47
Q

another name for functional group

A

alkyl

48
Q

_____: is a functional group derived from from the removal of a hydroxyl group

A

acyl

49
Q

______ is sugar alcohol

A
  • ol

- alcohol is insoluble & our body as a fatty chain so it can store it

50
Q

3 alcohols found in living tissue

A
  1. glycerol
  2. D-sorbitol
  3. cholesterol
51
Q

_____ is a hydroxyl group attached to a cyclic aromatic structure

A

phenol

52
Q

catacholamine has a _____ structure

A

phenol

53
Q

_____ is a cyclic=O

A

quinone

not aromatic - has double bonds but not conjugate

54
Q

Ubiguinone (Coenzyme Q or CoQ) is a component of the ______ in the ____

A

electron transport chain in the mitochondria

55
Q

_____ can be formed by the condensation of acid and alcohol

A

ester

56
Q

Triglycerides are formed from one ___ and three ______

A

1 glycerol

3 fatty acids

57
Q

Amines are formed by : _____

A

replacing one or more H of the NH3 with an alkyl

58
Q

_____: formed by carboxylic acids and amines

A

Amide

( amines have an H replaced by a different fxn group. Amides– has a carboxylic acid

59
Q

______ are used to make amino acid chains

A

amides

60
Q

carboxylic acid + amine = ____

A

amide

61
Q

amide bond is a _______ bond

A

peptide

62
Q

_____: oxygen btw 2 alkyl groups

A

ether

R-O-R

63
Q

tetrahydrofuran is a ______

A

cyclic ether

- a base for carbs

64
Q

tetrahydropyran is a ___

A

cyclic esther

- a base for carbs

65
Q

two cyclic ethers that are the bases for carbs

A

tetrahydrofuran (5 carbons) (5 carbons)

tetrahydropyran

66
Q

the phospholipid bilayer is embedded with ___ & ___

A

protein and cholesterol

67
Q

______ : are receptors, transporters, ion channels, cytoskeleton in the cell membrane

A

protein

68
Q

___: affect fluidity of the cell membrane

A

cholesterol

69
Q

______: is the soluble part of cytoplasm. contains water soluble cellular sub.

(such as amino acids, glucose, vit. , ions, and enzymes

A

cytosol

70
Q

______: is a double membrane structure, the power plant of the cell

A

mitochondria

71
Q

_____ : works to deamination

A

mitochondria

removal of amine

72
Q

______:in the cell helps to synthesis urea

A

mitochondria

73
Q

______: are vesicles with hyrolytic enzymes to degrade intracellular organic compounds

A

lysomes

74
Q

_______: contains enxymes for glycosylation of proteins

A

golgi apparatus

  • substance sto be secreted from the cell are packed into vesicles
75
Q

Define glycosylation

A

adding sygar to protein

76
Q

_____ : contains enxymes for phospholipid, steroid, proteoglycan synthesis.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

77
Q

with ribosomes, _______ systhesis protein

A

Rough ER

78
Q

_____: vescicles structures that contain oxidase

A

peroxisome

79
Q

Mitochondria synthesises ATP by a process called ______

A

oxidative phosphorylation

80
Q

_____ does protein synthesis within the cell

A

ribosomes

81
Q

cytoplasm stores ____ & ____

A

glycogen and fat

82
Q

initial catabolism occurs in the ____

A

cytoplasm

83
Q

The nucleus is surrounded by a ___

A

nuclear membrane

84
Q

The nucleus contains what 3 things?

A

chromosomes
nucleolus
nucleoplasm

85
Q

_____: made of rRNA, when complexed with certain proteins form ribosomes

A

nucleolus

86
Q

_____: contains soluble sub. and enzymes in the cell

A

Nucleoplasm

87
Q

____: is composed of DNA and proteins

A

chromosomes

88
Q

_____ are segments of DNA

A

genes

89
Q

The primary fxn group in amino acids, peptides, and proteins is ____

A

COOH

90
Q

______: is a compound consistng of repeating structural units

A

polymer

91
Q

Primary fxn groups in carbohydrates are : _____&____

A

aldehyde or ketones

92
Q

Fats/oils have ____ fxn group

A

ester (c=oo)

93
Q

Fatty acids have ____ fxn group

A

carboxylic acid

94
Q

steroids have _____& _____ fxn groups

A

alcohol or ketones

95
Q

The primary fxn group in a nucleic acid is ____

A

phosphoric acid

  • polymers are phosphodiester

T2 - biochem midterm 1 (6 decks)

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