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National Fire academy > Unit 3: Building Construction Review > Flashcards

Unit 3: Building Construction Review Flashcards

1
Q

Building Codes and construction types establish requirements for?

A
  • Use and occupancy.
  • Fire resistance.
  • Construction materials.
  • Structural loads.
  • Fire protection.
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2
Q

DIFFERENT TYPES OF

BUILDING CODES

A 
•   International Building 
Code (IBC).
•   National Fire 
Protection 
Association (NFPA).
–   Referenced in NFPA 
921, 
Guide for Fire 
and Explosion 
Investigations
.
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3
Q 
•   IBC Type IA or IB.
•NFPA.
–   I (422) or I (332).
–   Numbers are fire 
resistance in hours.
--   Four-hour rated exterior 
bearing walls.
--   Two-hour rated interior 
bearing walls.
--   Two-hour rated column 
protection.
A

Fire Resistive

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4
Q

• IBC Type IIA or IIB.
•NFPA.
– II (111) or II (000).

A

Non Combustive

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5
Q

Type III

A

Ordinary Construction

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6
Q

Heavy Timber also known as mill construction

A

Type 4

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7
Q

Wood Frame

A

Type 5

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8
Q

DANGERS OF ENGINEERED

WOOD I-BEAM FLOORS

A

• High surface-to-mass ratio.
• Often unprotected by gypsum wallboard.
– Early failure.
• Improper field cuts and penetrations.

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9
Q 
Knowledge of 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
can explain fire and 
collapse behavior, as well as impact  
investigator’s safety.
A

Loads

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10
Q 
combined weight of construction 
materials.
•   Walls, floors, roofs.
•   Ceilings, stairways.
•   Built-in partitions.
•   Permanent equipment
A

Dead Load

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11
Q 
combined weight produced by the 
use and occupancy of the building.
•   Movable objects,
such as equipment,
furniture and 
people.
•   Weather, such as
snow and rain.
A

Live Loads

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12
Q

load resulting from kinetic
forces and loads. Combined with influence
of dead and live loads.

A

Impact Loads

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13
Q

is a network of pipes and valves suspended throughout a building
and ready to deliver water through regularly spaced nozzles (sprinklers) shortly
after a fire starts.

A

Automatic sprinkler system

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14
Q

The sprinkler system should be connected to an adequate water supply that delivers water through
an

A

An underground main

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15
Q

The ________________

is the vertical pipe that connects the underground main to feed and cross mains

A

System Riser

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16
Q

These mains are connected to the
__________________
on which the sprinklers are located.

A

Branch lines

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17
Q

Typical Automatic Fire Sprinkler System Layout
Water is released from the sprinklers automatically when a sprinkler’s operating element is heated
to or above its temperature rating. Operating elements may be

A

fusible links
frangible glass bulbs
rods
chemical pellets

18
Q

In __________ systems for high hazard properties, all sprinklers operate simultaneously, but this is a rare
arrangement.)

A

Deluge

19
Q

_______________ are the most commonly installed fire suppression systems.

A

Automatic sprinkler systems

20
Q

Sprinkler systems installed

in residential properties are designed specifically to

A

prevent flashover in the room where the fire

starts, thereby enhancing life safety.

21
Q

Of the two basic types of automatic sprinkler systems,

________________ are the most common

A

Wet pipe systems

22
Q

are used in unheated areas where having water in the piping would
be susceptible to freezing.

A

Dry pipe systems

Instead of water, the piping contains pressurized air

23
Q

___________system usually is slightly slower to apply water than a wet pipe system because it takes
more time to purge the air and deliver the water to the sprinklers. This
decreases system efficiency
and makes dry systems less desirable when immediate water application is important.

A

The Dry

24
Q

________ describes ferrous

-based materials, and “_______” is used to identify copper or plastic materials.

A

Pipe- Ferrous based

Tube- copper or plastic

25
Q

. These valves have
a manual operating handle that is connected
to a small arrow or paddle. When the
arrow/paddle is in line with (parallel to) the
pipe or tube, the valve is fully open. If the
arrow is perpendicular to the pipe, the valve
is fully closed.

A

Remote indicator valve

26
Q

What is the weak link in a fire suppression system?

A

The essential valve that is not
required to be an indicating valve is the
roadway gate, key valve or box valve
. This valve normally is installed at the connection between the water purveyor’s pipe,
and the underground water main that supplies the sprinkler system. The purpose of this valve is
to isolate the sprinkler system from the water purveyor’s system. Since this valve does not have
to be indicating – It is the weak leak

27
Q

Other manually operated valves that exist on sprinkler systems might include drain or test valves.
These are known as _____________
. Since they do not control water supplies to the sprinkler system, auxiliary valves are not required to be indicating valves.

A

auxiliary valves

28
Q

This may be an electric or a mechanical device that is used to report when a sprinkler or
sprinklers have opened –
or a pipe breaks –
and water has begun to flow through the system.

A

Waterflow alarm

29
Q

Electric waterflow alarms respond to

A

a flow switch or pressure switch

30
Q

The flow switch employs

A

a small vane that is inserted into the
water stream of the sprinkler pipe.
When water flows because a sprinkler has opened,
the vane moves and closes an electrical
contact that signals an alarm.

31
Q

Mechanical alarms are known as

A

Water Motor Gongs

32
Q

Fire pump assemblies consist of what three major components:

A

Fire Pump

The Driver (electric motor)

The Controller (the brain)

33
Q

Sprinkler systems have a success rate at fire control or suppression that exceeds

A

90%

34
Q

Sprinkler system failures generally can be traced to one of three major causes:

A

Design deficiencies in the system

Impairments to the sprinkler system before a fire
.
System impairments during a fire
.

35
Q

Modern sprinkler systems are

designed to operate with about no more than _____sprinklers flowing

A

20

36
Q

There are three types of standpipe systems

A

Class I
systems have 2½ inch outlets
(hose connections) and are designed to be
used by the fire department,

Class II
systems have 1½ inch outlets and
are designed to be used primarily by
trained building occupants.

Class III
systems have both 2½ inch and
1½-inch outlets, and combine the features
of both Class I and II systems.

37
Q

A basic fire alarm system consists of several key components,

A

fire alarm control panel,

initiating devices

indicating appliances,

and the wiring that connects all
of them.

38
Q

The National Fire Alarm Code describes several methods of alarm monitoring, but the
most common is alarm reporting to a
__________________
.

A

Central Station

39
Q

Smoke alarms found within dwelling units normally are “single station” devices. This
means they are

A

not connected to part of a fire alarm system, and generally sound only in the room where they are located.

40
Q

Commercial cooking equipment

requires special attention. The biggest problem with commercial cooking equipment is

A

is the result of poor housekeeping: accumulations of grease

41
Q

Recent studies have revealed that dry chemical fire suppression systems are ineffective on

A

vegetable-based cooking oils, or on equipment that retains heat for a long time such as a
well-insulated deep fryer

National Fire academy (15 decks)

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