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Human Growth and Development > UNIT 3 bolded terms!!!!!!!!! (and some other important info) > Flashcards

UNIT 3 bolded terms!!!!!!!!! (and some other important info) Flashcards

1
Q

G. Stanley Hall defined adolescence as?

A

period of “storm and stress”
-mood swings, emotionally sensitive, risk-taking tendencies

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2
Q

Body Image: Girls are…

A

Less happy and have more negative thoughts; want to be thin

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3
Q

Body image: Boys are…

A

More concerned with building muscle

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4
Q

Overall body image does what when adolescents get older

A

improves/ becomes more positive

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5
Q

what are Susan Harter’s 5 overall self-esteem competences?

A

academic success, behavioral conduct, athletic ability, likeability, appearance

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6
Q

What is thin ideal?

A

The desire to be “smaller” among average and underweight irish girls : pressure to be abnormally thin

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7
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
Characteristics:
Distorted body image
Restricted energy intake
Intense fear of gaining weight
Obsessive thinking about weight and exercise
Weight less than 85% of normal weight

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8
Q

Deadliest psychological disorder?

A

Anorexia Nervosa (10x more likely in females)

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9
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

An eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge - and - purge pattern
Characteristics:
Preoccupied with food
Intense fear of becoming overweight
Depressed or anxious
Distorted body image
Typically fall within a normal weight range
Primarily diagnosed in females
Purging includes vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, fasting, exercise

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10
Q

what Piaget stage occurs around age 11?

A

Formal Operational stage

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11
Q

Formal operational stage

A

thought is more abstract than concrete operational thought
characteristics:
-increased verbal problem-solving ability
-increased tendency to think about thought itself
-thoughts of idealism and possibilities
-more logical thought

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12
Q

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

A

The cognitive ability to develop hypotheses

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13
Q

Adolescent Egocentrism

A

Heightened self-consciousness of adolescents
-developed from piaget’s for operations
Characteristics:
-Think their own actions are the center of everyone else’s thoughts
-Are hypersensitive to what others think
Believe they are unique in the world

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14
Q

Egocentrism

A

excessive interest in oneself and concern for one’s own welfare or advantage at the expense of or in disregard of others.

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15
Q

Imaginary audience

A

Belief that others are as interested in them as they are themselves, as well as attention-getting behavior motivated by a desire to be noticed

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16
Q

Personal Fable

A

the part of adolescent egocentrism that involves a sense of uniqueness and invincibility

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17
Q

What are the three aspects of “storm and stress”?

A

adolescents are…
more socially sensitive
higher risk-takers
like life on an intense emotional plane

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18
Q

Identity is…

A

a self-portrait composed of many pieces and domains

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19
Q

What is Erikson’s fifth developmental stage?

A

Identity VS. Identity confusion

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20
Q

Identity VS. Identity confusion

A

-adolescents experiment w/ diff. roles + personalities
-Successful - emerge with new sense of self
-unsuccessful - suffer identity confusion

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21
Q

Psychosocial Moratorium

A

The gap between childhood security and adult autonomy

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22
Q

Adolescents prefer groups in…

A

Small groups w/ intense and intimate friends

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23
Q

Who is most likely to give into peer pressure involving sexual behavior?

A

A young adolescent boy

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24
Q

Clique

A

A small group of friends (5-6) from among kids who engage in similar activies

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25
Q

Crowd

A

A larger structure that is usually based on reputation

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26
Q

Academics

A

brains, nerds eggheads

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27
Q

Jocks

A

athletes

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28
Q

Popular kids

A

hotshots, preppie, elites, of princesses

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29
Q

Deviants

A

burnouts, dirts, druggies, potheads

30
Q

Residual type

A

goth, alternatives, grubs, loners

31
Q

who gets more popular/confident in high school?

A

Jocks and popular kids

32
Q

Who gets less confident in high school

A

Academics

33
Q

Romantic relationship stages (3)

A

11 to 13- entry into romantic attractions and affiliations
14 to 16 - exploring romantic relationships(casual dating)
17 to 19 - Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds

34
Q

Juvenile Delinquent

A

an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in illegal behavior
-Males more likely
-higher rates in lower socioeconomic status youth

35
Q

Deviancy Training

A

occurs when peers reinforce each other for delinquent or aggressive talk or behavior

36
Q

Hostile attributional bias

A

children’s tendency to attribute hostile intentions to others during social mishaps where intent is ambiguous

37
Q

Gangs

A

A close-knit delinquent peer group

38
Q

4 problems the affects adolescents the most

A

-drug abuse
-juvenile delinquency
-sexual problems
-school-related problems

39
Q

Intimacy

A

Self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts

40
Q

Erikson’s 6th stage of development(Early Adulthood)

A

Intimacy VS. Isolation

41
Q

Intimacy VS. Isolation

A

failure to achieve results in social isolation

42
Q

Friendship(Men VS. Women)

A

Men bond over activities
Women bond over confiding with each other and shared feelings

43
Q

Romantic love

A

passionate love, eros, very strong components of sexuality and infatuation.

44
Q

Affectionate love

A

love is more that just a passion, someone desires to have the other near and has a deep, caring affection for the other person. Best friend relationship some couple find

45
Q

Robert J. Sternberg

A

Proposed a triangle theory of love : Passion, intimacy, and commitment

46
Q

Consummate love

A

involves all three (Passion, intimacy, and commitment) and is the fullest form of love. is the state when one has found their soul mate

47
Q

Sternberg’s ideas of love

A

Passion only = infatuation
intimacy + commitment (W/o passion) = affectionate love
passion + commitment (w/o intimacy) = fatuous love (silly pointless)
Only commitment = “empty marriage)

48
Q

Cross culture romance: china + korea

A

intimacy is more diffused, emphasis on connections outside of romantic relationships

49
Q

Single adults (bunch of info

A

Stereotypes range from “the player” to the “desperately, lonely, suicidal” single
Many advantages to being single include time to make decisions about life, time to develop personal resources, freedom to make decisions and pursue your own interests, opportunities to explore new places, and privacy.
Men have become more interested in love, marriage, and children than they have in the past.
Women desire more independence, space, and time on their own.
US singles report an interest in fast sex and slow love.

50
Q

Cohabitation

A

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married

51
Q

Average length of marriage in the US

A

Just over 9 years

52
Q

Divorce: Groups with higher incidence of divorce:

A

Most cited reason for divorce is communication problems.
-young
-low education
-low income
-no religion
-divorced parents
-baby before marriage

53
Q

Divorce (Characteristics in a partner that can cause divorce)

A

-alcoholism
-psych problems
-domestic violence
-infidelity
-division of house labor

54
Q

Remariage(facts)

A

-Declined in recent decades.
-Men are more likely to remarry.
-Occurs sooner for the partners who initiated the divorce.
-Divorce rate of remarried adults continues to increase.
-May not marry for love.

55
Q

Gottman’s 7 practices of a working marriage

A
  1. Establish love maps
  2. Nurture fondness and admiration
  3. Turn toward each other instead of away
  4. Let your partner influence you
  5. Solve solvable conflicts
  6. Overcome gridlock(compromising on your needs to fit with each other)
  7. Create shared meaning
    *forgiveness and commitment are IMPORTANT
56
Q

Love Map

A

that part of your brain where you store all the relevant information about your partner’s life

57
Q

Myths of parenting

A

-the birth of a child will save a marriage
-the child will think, feel, and behave as the parent did in childhood
-having a child gives parents a “second chance”
-parenting requires no training
-couples who choose no children are narcissistic or unhappy

58
Q

Average first-time mothers is…

A

27 years

59
Q

Parenthood does what to a couples relationship?

A

Makes couples less intimate and happy(become like fellow workers)
Produce more traditional marital roles

60
Q

Nurture father

A

Social concept to describe fathers who engage in childcare as well as continue the breadwinner role
-new masculine ideal

61
Q

Middle adulthood

A

The development period for adults ages 40-65
-time of declining physical health and increase in responsibilities
-Seek to transmit something meaningful to the next generation.
-Reaching and maintaining career satisfaction.

62
Q

Late Midlife

A

55-65
Characterized by:
-death of a parent
-last child leaving home
-becoming a grandparent
-preparation for and actual retirement
Growth and decline balance each other out in this time period.

63
Q

Work(middle adulthood/late milife)

A

In the US, about 80% of people 40-59 are employed.
Age related declines occur in some jobs but most jobs stay consistent.
Ability to work effectively peaks in this period.
Midlife is a time of evaluation, assessment, and reflection about work and what they want to do in the future.
Premature retirement can result in insufficient resources.

64
Q

Leisure

A

The pleasant times after work when people are free to pursue activities and interests of their choosing

65
Q

Generativity

A

Encompasses adults’ desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation and gives them a sense of immorality
-Generativity can be biological, parental, work, or cultural.

66
Q

Stagnation

A

self-absorption and a sense that one has done nothing for the next gen.

67
Q

What is most important during late adulthood?

A

Security, loyalty, and mutual emotional interest
-most who are married are satisfied

68
Q

Empty next syndrome

A

The decrease in marital satisfaction after children leave home

69
Q

ID diffusion

A

status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis/exploration or made any commitments

70
Q

Identity foreclosure

A

is the status of individuals who have made a commitment but not experienced a crisis/exploration: usually influenced by a parent

71
Q

Identity moratorium

A

the status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis/exploration but whose commitments are either absent or are only vaguely defined.

72
Q

Identity achievement

A

is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis/exploration and made a commitment.

Human Growth and Development (2 decks)

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