UNIT 3 bolded terms!!!!!!!!! (and some other important info) Flashcards
G. Stanley Hall defined adolescence as?
period of “storm and stress”
-mood swings, emotionally sensitive, risk-taking tendencies
Body Image: Girls are…
Less happy and have more negative thoughts; want to be thin
Body image: Boys are…
More concerned with building muscle
Overall body image does what when adolescents get older
improves/ becomes more positive
what are Susan Harter’s 5 overall self-esteem competences?
academic success, behavioral conduct, athletic ability, likeability, appearance
What is thin ideal?
The desire to be “smaller” among average and underweight irish girls : pressure to be abnormally thin
Anorexia Nervosa
the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
Characteristics:
Distorted body image
Restricted energy intake
Intense fear of gaining weight
Obsessive thinking about weight and exercise
Weight less than 85% of normal weight
Deadliest psychological disorder?
Anorexia Nervosa (10x more likely in females)
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge - and - purge pattern
Characteristics:
Preoccupied with food
Intense fear of becoming overweight
Depressed or anxious
Distorted body image
Typically fall within a normal weight range
Primarily diagnosed in females
Purging includes vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, fasting, exercise
what Piaget stage occurs around age 11?
Formal Operational stage
Formal operational stage
thought is more abstract than concrete operational thought
characteristics:
-increased verbal problem-solving ability
-increased tendency to think about thought itself
-thoughts of idealism and possibilities
-more logical thought
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
The cognitive ability to develop hypotheses
Adolescent Egocentrism
Heightened self-consciousness of adolescents
-developed from piaget’s for operations
Characteristics:
-Think their own actions are the center of everyone else’s thoughts
-Are hypersensitive to what others think
Believe they are unique in the world
Egocentrism
excessive interest in oneself and concern for one’s own welfare or advantage at the expense of or in disregard of others.
Imaginary audience
Belief that others are as interested in them as they are themselves, as well as attention-getting behavior motivated by a desire to be noticed
Personal Fable
the part of adolescent egocentrism that involves a sense of uniqueness and invincibility
What are the three aspects of “storm and stress”?
adolescents are…
more socially sensitive
higher risk-takers
like life on an intense emotional plane
Identity is…
a self-portrait composed of many pieces and domains
What is Erikson’s fifth developmental stage?
Identity VS. Identity confusion
Identity VS. Identity confusion
-adolescents experiment w/ diff. roles + personalities
-Successful - emerge with new sense of self
-unsuccessful - suffer identity confusion
Psychosocial Moratorium
The gap between childhood security and adult autonomy
Adolescents prefer groups in…
Small groups w/ intense and intimate friends
Who is most likely to give into peer pressure involving sexual behavior?
A young adolescent boy
Clique
A small group of friends (5-6) from among kids who engage in similar activies
Crowd
A larger structure that is usually based on reputation
Academics
brains, nerds eggheads
Jocks
athletes
Popular kids
hotshots, preppie, elites, of princesses
Deviants
burnouts, dirts, druggies, potheads
Residual type
goth, alternatives, grubs, loners
who gets more popular/confident in high school?
Jocks and popular kids
Who gets less confident in high school
Academics
Romantic relationship stages (3)
11 to 13- entry into romantic attractions and affiliations
14 to 16 - exploring romantic relationships(casual dating)
17 to 19 - Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds
Juvenile Delinquent
an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in illegal behavior
-Males more likely
-higher rates in lower socioeconomic status youth
Deviancy Training
occurs when peers reinforce each other for delinquent or aggressive talk or behavior
Hostile attributional bias
children’s tendency to attribute hostile intentions to others during social mishaps where intent is ambiguous
Gangs
A close-knit delinquent peer group
4 problems the affects adolescents the most
-drug abuse
-juvenile delinquency
-sexual problems
-school-related problems
Intimacy
Self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts
Erikson’s 6th stage of development(Early Adulthood)
Intimacy VS. Isolation
Intimacy VS. Isolation
failure to achieve results in social isolation
Friendship(Men VS. Women)
Men bond over activities
Women bond over confiding with each other and shared feelings
Romantic love
passionate love, eros, very strong components of sexuality and infatuation.
Affectionate love
love is more that just a passion, someone desires to have the other near and has a deep, caring affection for the other person. Best friend relationship some couple find
Robert J. Sternberg
Proposed a triangle theory of love : Passion, intimacy, and commitment
Consummate love
involves all three (Passion, intimacy, and commitment) and is the fullest form of love. is the state when one has found their soul mate
Sternberg’s ideas of love
Passion only = infatuation
intimacy + commitment (W/o passion) = affectionate love
passion + commitment (w/o intimacy) = fatuous love (silly pointless)
Only commitment = “empty marriage)
Cross culture romance: china + korea
intimacy is more diffused, emphasis on connections outside of romantic relationships
Single adults (bunch of info
Stereotypes range from “the player” to the “desperately, lonely, suicidal” single
Many advantages to being single include time to make decisions about life, time to develop personal resources, freedom to make decisions and pursue your own interests, opportunities to explore new places, and privacy.
Men have become more interested in love, marriage, and children than they have in the past.
Women desire more independence, space, and time on their own.
US singles report an interest in fast sex and slow love.
Cohabitation
Living together in a sexual relationship without being married
Average length of marriage in the US
Just over 9 years
Divorce: Groups with higher incidence of divorce:
Most cited reason for divorce is communication problems.
-young
-low education
-low income
-no religion
-divorced parents
-baby before marriage
Divorce (Characteristics in a partner that can cause divorce)
-alcoholism
-psych problems
-domestic violence
-infidelity
-division of house labor
Remariage(facts)
-Declined in recent decades.
-Men are more likely to remarry.
-Occurs sooner for the partners who initiated the divorce.
-Divorce rate of remarried adults continues to increase.
-May not marry for love.
Gottman’s 7 practices of a working marriage
- Establish love maps
- Nurture fondness and admiration
- Turn toward each other instead of away
- Let your partner influence you
- Solve solvable conflicts
- Overcome gridlock(compromising on your needs to fit with each other)
- Create shared meaning
*forgiveness and commitment are IMPORTANT
Love Map
that part of your brain where you store all the relevant information about your partner’s life
Myths of parenting
-the birth of a child will save a marriage
-the child will think, feel, and behave as the parent did in childhood
-having a child gives parents a “second chance”
-parenting requires no training
-couples who choose no children are narcissistic or unhappy
Average first-time mothers is…
27 years
Parenthood does what to a couples relationship?
Makes couples less intimate and happy(become like fellow workers)
Produce more traditional marital roles
Nurture father
Social concept to describe fathers who engage in childcare as well as continue the breadwinner role
-new masculine ideal
Middle adulthood
The development period for adults ages 40-65
-time of declining physical health and increase in responsibilities
-Seek to transmit something meaningful to the next generation.
-Reaching and maintaining career satisfaction.
Late Midlife
55-65
Characterized by:
-death of a parent
-last child leaving home
-becoming a grandparent
-preparation for and actual retirement
Growth and decline balance each other out in this time period.
Work(middle adulthood/late milife)
In the US, about 80% of people 40-59 are employed.
Age related declines occur in some jobs but most jobs stay consistent.
Ability to work effectively peaks in this period.
Midlife is a time of evaluation, assessment, and reflection about work and what they want to do in the future.
Premature retirement can result in insufficient resources.
Leisure
The pleasant times after work when people are free to pursue activities and interests of their choosing
Generativity
Encompasses adults’ desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation and gives them a sense of immorality
-Generativity can be biological, parental, work, or cultural.
Stagnation
self-absorption and a sense that one has done nothing for the next gen.
What is most important during late adulthood?
Security, loyalty, and mutual emotional interest
-most who are married are satisfied
Empty next syndrome
The decrease in marital satisfaction after children leave home
ID diffusion
status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis/exploration or made any commitments
Identity foreclosure
is the status of individuals who have made a commitment but not experienced a crisis/exploration: usually influenced by a parent
Identity moratorium
the status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis/exploration but whose commitments are either absent or are only vaguely defined.
Identity achievement
is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis/exploration and made a commitment.
