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Grade 10 Science > Unit 3 - Biology > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are golgi bodies?

A

involved in secretion and transportation within the cell.

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2
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

controls what enters & exits the cell.

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3
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

protects plant cells & maintains their rigid shape.

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4
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

contains the genetic material and controls the cell’s activity.

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5
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

contains digestive enzymes that break down the substance no longer needed by animal cells.

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6
Q

What is a mitochondrion?

A

provides the cell with usable energy.

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7
Q

What are centrioles?

A

involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.

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8
Q

What is a endoplasmic reticulum?

A

transports substances within the cell.

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9
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

involved in making proteins.

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10
Q

What is a nuclear membrane?

A

it keeps DNA inside the nucleus and protects it from materials in the cytoplasm.

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11
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

jelly-like substance that contains the organelles and dissolved substances.

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12
Q

What is chloroplast?

A

location of photosynthesis.

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13
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

is the diffusion of just water from an area of high to an area of low concentration.

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14
Q

What are the four stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase

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15
Q

What happens in the Prophase stage of mitosis?

A
  • nuclear membrane & nucleolus disappears
  • chromosones thicken and condense
  • spindle fibres grow out of the centrioles & attach to the centromeres.
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16
Q

What happens in the Metaphase stage of mitosis?

A
  • spindle fibres pull the chromosones into the middle of the cell so they form a line.
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17
Q

What happens in the Anaphase stage of mitosis?

A
  • the centromeres seperate so the daughter chromatids are pulled apart to the opposite side of the cell.
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18
Q

What happens in the Telophase stage of mitosis?

A
  • new nuclear membrane form around the daughter chromatids
  • the nucleolus reappears
  • the chromatids unwind to become thread-like so become chromatin
  • the cell membrance pinches (cytokinesis) together to form 2 identical daughter cells.
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19
Q

Why is Mitosis important to cells?

A

Cells use mitosis in order to grow, repair, or/and reproduce for asexual reproduction.

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20
Q

What are the differences between normal cells and cancerous cells based on their structure?

A

Normal: Large cytoplasm, single nucleus & nucleolus, and a fine chromatin.
Cancerous: Small cytoplasm, multiple nuclei, multiple and large nucleoli, and coarse chromatin.

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21
Q

What are the different types of Animal Tissues?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous.

22
Q

What is Epithelial animal tissue?

A

it forms a protective barrier that covers the outer surface of the body & lines body cavities. (Example: lines the respiratory system)

23
Q

What is Connective animal tissue?

A

it joins other tissues together. (Example: connects bones to bones)

24
Q

What is Muscle animal tissue?

A

The three types if muscle tissue is voluntary, involuntary and cardiac muscle tissues. Helps to produce skeletal movement (Example: Cardiac muscle tissue in the heart.

25
Q

What is Nervous animal tissue?

A

receive information and send the signal on to other nerve cells, muscles, or to glands.

26
Q

What are the different types of Plant Tissues?

A

Meristematic, Epidermal, Ground & Vascular tissues.

27
Q

What is Meristematic plant tissue?

A

allows a plant to create new cells so it can grow new parts.

28
Q

What is Epidermal plant tissue?

A

protects all the plant structures (roots, stem, leaves) & allows the exchange of water and gases.

29
Q

What is Ground plant tissue?

A

(forms most of the plant)
Roots - stores food & water
Leaves - performs photosynthesis
Stems - provides strength & support

30
Q

What is Vascular plant tissue?

A

transport materials throughout the plant, (xylem & phloem).

31
Q

What is Xylem in plants?

A

transports water up from the roots into the leaves.

32
Q

What is Phloem in plants?

A

transports sugars down from the leaves to other cells and up from the roots in the spring.

33
Q

What are the Animal Organs?

A

Skin, Heart, Lungs, Stomach & Kidneys.

34
Q

What is the main function of the Skin?

A

is the largest organ of the body. Its main function of the skin is protection, regulation and sensation.

35
Q

What is the main function of the Heart?

A

to pump blood around the body.

36
Q

What is the main function of the Lungs?

A

to perform the process of gas exchange called respiration

37
Q

What is the main function of the Stomach?

A

is to break down and digest food in order to extract necessary nutrients from what you have eaten

38
Q

What is the main function of the Kidneys?

A

it extracts waste from blood, balance body fluids, form urine, and aid in other important functions of the body

39
Q

What are the Plant Organs?

A

Leaves, Stem, Roots & Flower

40
Q

What are the Organ Systems in the Human body?

A

Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory, Nervous, Excretory, Endocrine, Muscular, Skeletal, Reproductive, Integumentary & Lymphatic systems.

41
Q

What is an Artery?

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

42
Q

What is a Vein?

A

blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

43
Q

What is a Capillary?

A

tiny blood vessels with very tiny thin walls that are one cell thick.

44
Q

What is Plasma?

A

carries blood cells, dissolves wastes, nutrients & hormones.

45
Q

What are Platelets?

A

helps the blood clot, seal wounds & stop bleeding.

46
Q

What are Red Blood Cells

A

picks up oxygen and carbon dioxide.

47
Q

What are White Blood Cells

A

fight and destroy disease causing bacteria and viruses..

48
Q

What are some Public Health Strategies?

A
  1. Immunization programs
  2. Smoke-Free Environments
  3. Promoting Public Awareness of Healthy Outdoor Lifestyles
  4. Screening Programs
  5. Health Education
49
Q

How does an X-Ray work?

A
  • uses electromagnetic radiation
  • x-rays are absorbed by dense structures and they appear white on the film
  • used to check for broken bones and to diagnose problems with respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
50
Q

How does an Ultrasound work?

A
  • uses high frequency sound to visualize muscles, tendons, and many internal organs.
  • sound waves are reflected back by internal structures.
  • used to diagnose heart conditions, thyroid problems, or in a regular pregnancy check-up.
51
Q

How does a CAT scan work?

A
  • uses equipment to produce a 3-D image from a series of images taken from different cross-sections of the body.
  • can image bone, soft tissue, and blood vessels at the same time.
  • used to identify issues with the internal organs, to diagnose cancer, to assess the results of surgery, diagnose spinal problems, to diagnose vascular diseases and measures bone density.

Grade 10 Science (4 decks)

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