Unit 3 - Biology

Question 1

What are golgi bodies?

Answer 1

involved in secretion and transportation within the cell.

Question 2

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 2

controls what enters & exits the cell.

Question 3

What is a cell wall?

Answer 3

protects plant cells & maintains their rigid shape.

Question 4

What is a nucleus?

Answer 4

contains the genetic material and controls the cell’s activity.

Question 5

What are lysosomes?

Answer 5

contains digestive enzymes that break down the substance no longer needed by animal cells.

Question 6

What is a mitochondrion?

Answer 6

provides the cell with usable energy.

Question 7

What are centrioles?

Answer 7

involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.

Question 8

What is a endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

transports substances within the cell.

Question 9

What are ribosomes?

Answer 9

involved in making proteins.

Question 10

What is a nuclear membrane?

Answer 10

it keeps DNA inside the nucleus and protects it from materials in the cytoplasm.

Question 11

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 11

jelly-like substance that contains the organelles and dissolved substances.

Question 12

What is chloroplast?

Answer 12

location of photosynthesis.

Question 13

What is Osmosis?

Answer 13

is the diffusion of just water from an area of high to an area of low concentration.

Question 14

What are the four stages of mitosis?

Answer 14

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase

Question 15

What happens in the Prophase stage of mitosis?

Answer 15

• nuclear membrane & nucleolus disappears
• chromosones thicken and condense
• spindle fibres grow out of the centrioles & attach to the centromeres.

Question 16

What happens in the Metaphase stage of mitosis?

Answer 16

• spindle fibres pull the chromosones into the middle of the cell so they form a line.

Question 17

What happens in the Anaphase stage of mitosis?

Answer 17

• the centromeres seperate so the daughter chromatids are pulled apart to the opposite side of the cell.

Question 18

What happens in the Telophase stage of mitosis?

Answer 18

• new nuclear membrane form around the daughter chromatids
• the nucleolus reappears
• the chromatids unwind to become thread-like so become chromatin
• the cell membrance pinches (cytokinesis) together to form 2 identical daughter cells.

Question 19

Why is Mitosis important to cells?

Answer 19

Cells use mitosis in order to grow, repair, or/and reproduce for asexual reproduction.

Question 20

What are the differences between normal cells and cancerous cells based on their structure?

Answer 20

Normal: Large cytoplasm, single nucleus & nucleolus, and a fine chromatin.
Cancerous: Small cytoplasm, multiple nuclei, multiple and large nucleoli, and coarse chromatin.

Question 21

What are the different types of Animal Tissues?

Answer 21

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous.

Question 22

What is Epithelial animal tissue?

Answer 22

it forms a protective barrier that covers the outer surface of the body & lines body cavities. (Example: lines the respiratory system)

Question 23

What is Connective animal tissue?

Answer 23

it joins other tissues together. (Example: connects bones to bones)

Question 24

What is Muscle animal tissue?

Answer 24

The three types if muscle tissue is voluntary, involuntary and cardiac muscle tissues. Helps to produce skeletal movement (Example: Cardiac muscle tissue in the heart.

Question 25

What is Nervous animal tissue?

Answer 25

receive information and send the signal on to other nerve cells, muscles, or to glands.

Question 26

What are the different types of Plant Tissues?

Answer 26

Meristematic, Epidermal, Ground & Vascular tissues.

Question 27

What is Meristematic plant tissue?

Answer 27

allows a plant to create new cells so it can grow new parts.

Question 28

What is Epidermal plant tissue?

Answer 28

protects all the plant structures (roots, stem, leaves) & allows the exchange of water and gases.

Question 29

What is Ground plant tissue?

Answer 29

(forms most of the plant) Roots - stores food & water Leaves - performs photosynthesis Stems - provides strength & support

Question 30

What is Vascular plant tissue?

Answer 30

transport materials throughout the plant, (xylem & phloem).

Question 31

What is Xylem in plants?

Answer 31

transports water up from the roots into the leaves.

Question 32

What is Phloem in plants?

Answer 32

transports sugars down from the leaves to other cells and up from the roots in the spring.

Question 33

What are the Animal Organs?

Answer 33

Skin, Heart, Lungs, Stomach & Kidneys.

Question 34

What is the main function of the Skin?

Answer 34

is the largest organ of the body. Its main function of the skin is protection, regulation and sensation.

Question 35

What is the main function of the Heart?

Answer 35

to pump blood around the body.

Question 36

What is the main function of the Lungs?

Answer 36

to perform the process of gas exchange called respiration

Question 37

What is the main function of the Stomach?

Answer 37

is to break down and digest food in order to extract necessary nutrients from what you have eaten

Question 38

What is the main function of the Kidneys?

Answer 38

it extracts waste from blood, balance body fluids, form urine, and aid in other important functions of the body

Question 39

What are the Plant Organs?

Answer 39

Leaves, Stem, Roots & Flower

Question 40

What are the Organ Systems in the Human body?

Answer 40

Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory, Nervous, Excretory, Endocrine, Muscular, Skeletal, Reproductive, Integumentary & Lymphatic systems.

Question 41

What is an Artery?

Answer 41

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 42

What is a Vein?

Answer 42

blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

Question 43

What is a Capillary?

Answer 43

tiny blood vessels with very tiny thin walls that are one cell thick.

Question 44

What is Plasma?

Answer 44

carries blood cells, dissolves wastes, nutrients & hormones.

Question 45

What are Platelets?

Answer 45

helps the blood clot, seal wounds & stop bleeding.

Question 46

What are Red Blood Cells

Answer 46

picks up oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 47

What are White Blood Cells

Answer 47

fight and destroy disease causing bacteria and viruses..

Question 48

What are some Public Health Strategies?

Answer 48

1. Immunization programs 2. Smoke-Free Environments 3. Promoting Public Awareness of Healthy Outdoor Lifestyles 4. Screening Programs 5. Health Education

Question 49

How does an X-Ray work?

Answer 49

- uses electromagnetic radiation - x-rays are absorbed by dense structures and they appear white on the film - used to check for broken bones and to diagnose problems with respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

Question 50

How does an Ultrasound work?

Answer 50

- uses high frequency sound to visualize muscles, tendons, and many internal organs. - sound waves are reflected back by internal structures. - used to diagnose heart conditions, thyroid problems, or in a regular pregnancy check-up.

Question 51

How does a CAT scan work?

Answer 51

- uses equipment to produce a 3-D image from a series of images taken from different cross-sections of the body. - can image bone, soft tissue, and blood vessels at the same time. - used to identify issues with the internal organs, to diagnose cancer, to assess the results of surgery, diagnose spinal problems, to diagnose vascular diseases and measures bone density.