UNIT 3 BIODIVERSITY AND BIOSPHERE

Question 1

Photoheterotroph

Answer 1

carbon sourced from organic molecule

energy from sunlight. Certain prokaryotes.

Question 2

Photoautotroph

Answer 2

carbon sourced from 02 (autofeed themselves without the need for any organic molecules)
energy from sunlight. Plants, algae, cyanobacteria

Question 3

chemoheterotroph

Answer 3

carbon sourced from organic molecule
energy from chemical reactions (oxidation of molecule)
animals, prokaryotes, fungi

Question 4

chemoautotroph

Answer 4

carbon source from O2 (autofeed)
energy source from chemical reactions
some prokaryotes

Question 5

Natural selection

Answer 5

The one that has the more advantage to the environment survives and reproduce, giving the offspring these traits and with time, the whole population will have those traits.

Question 6

Example of natural selection

Answer 6

From hoofed mammal to whale.

Question 7

Artificial selection

Answer 7

organisms with the desire traits are being selected or genetically modified. Controlled by humans.

Question 8

Exemple of artificial selection

Answer 8

Dog breeding

Question 9

What is the theory of evolution

Answer 9

All organisms alive descend from one common ancestor and that the organisms changed overtime as a result of natural selection.

Question 10

Theory of evolution proof

Answer 10

we all have DNA and we all use ATP for energy

Question 11

What is adaptive radiation

Answer 11

Its the evolution of an animal or plant into a wide variety of types that are adapted to different modes of life. Evolved in a really short time.

Question 12

Challenges when organisms moved to land from water

Answer 12

Support, the conservation of water, reproduction and the disposal of waste.

Question 13

Opportunities when organisms moved to land from water

Answer 13

Spends less energy breathing. Plants have sexual organs, stems and mechanisms for fluid transport, for as anchor, leafs for photosynthesis. Animals have skeleton for support and organs for breathing.

Question 14

Earths spherical shape does

Answer 14

causes variation of incoming solar radiation.
Having the equator getting 90 degrees of sunlight while other places gets less because it travels more and is shinning over a larger area.

Question 15

Earth tilt relative to orbit around the sun does

Answer 15

regions gets different duration and intensity of solar radiation which is most dramatic in poles and less dramatic at the equator.

Question 16

Influence of ocean currents on climate

Answer 16

the currents exchange heat with overlying air masses , moderating the temperature over nearby land.

Question 17

Moonson cycles are cause by

Answer 17

seasonal reversals in wind direction

Question 18

3 basic trophic roles

Answer 18

decomposers
producers
consumers

Question 19

Parasitism

Answer 19

symbiotic relationship where one organism benefit at the expense of the other.

Question 20

mutualism

Answer 20

symbiotic relationship in which the two organisms benefit

Question 21

biodiversity

Answer 21

all variety of life

Question 22

Coriolis effect

Answer 22

Because of the earth axis, it changes object direction. Going south will go north..

Question 23

Continental climate

Answer 23

Annual variation in temp. cold winters and hot summer. The temperature is not regulated by bodies of water.

Question 24

seasonality

Answer 24

regular and predictable changes that occurs every year

Question 25

Adiabatic cooling

Answer 25

Decrease of temperature without the loss of heat energy and results when warm air masses rise and expend so that they occupy a large volume.

Question 26

Monsoon

Answer 26

seasonal reverse in wind and precipitation

Question 27

maritime climate

Answer 27

measure of the degree to which the climate of a region is influenced by a maritime air flow from oceans.

Question 28

population

Answer 28

member of the same species living in the same space

Question 29

communities

Answer 29

group of different organisms living in the same place.

Question 30

ecosystems

Answer 30

groups of communities interacting with their shared environment

Question 31

biosphere

Answer 31

all regions on earth including the atmosphere

Question 32

Is ammonia excreted by land animals?

Answer 32

No it is toxic if not diluted in water.

Question 33

changes in body structure of plants and animals when moving from water to land

Answer 33

animals developed skeletons and muscles for locomotion and support
plants developed structures like woody stems and roots for support and fluid transport

Question 34

abiotic factor that affect evolution and diversity

Answer 34

sunlight, temperature, humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, rainfall

Question 35

What affects rainfall?

Answer 35

latitudinal variation, wind patterns, altitude, air pressure, topography

Question 36

Dirrect result of Coriolis effect

Answer 36

tropical trade winds

Question 37

Adiabatic cooling in tropical regions =

Answer 37

the rainy season

Question 38

ectoparasitism

Answer 38

harmfull organisms that grow on the surface of host

Question 39

Ammonia is toxic but essential?

Answer 39

true

Question 40

trade winds are result of

Answer 40

adiabatic cooling, latitudinal variations, seasonal variation.

Question 41

Winds at equador

Answer 41

east-west winds

Question 42

abiotic factor

Answer 42

non living condition (climate) that affects ecosystems and the organisms in it.

Question 43

adiabatic cooling is defined as

Answer 43

loss of heat without the loss of heat energy

Question 44

microclimate has was effect

Answer 44

greatest effect on survival and reproduction