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AP Biology > Unit 3: Biochemistry > Flashcards

Unit 3: Biochemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more elements bonded together.

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2
Q

Compound

A

2 or more different elements bonded together.

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3
Q

Ionic Compound

A

Inside bond between a positive ion and negative ion, Ex: Metal & Non-Metal. The neutral charge is a solid, and ions separate when placed in water.

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4
Q

Non-polar Covalent Compound

A

Inside bond between nonmetal atoms. The neutral charge is a substance.

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5
Q

Polar Covalent Compound

A

Inside bond between nonmetal atoms. Ex: Water, as oxygen has a partial negative charge and hydrogen has a partial positive charge. The partial charge is a substance.

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6
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Connection between two molecules; one of which has hydrogen in it. Ex: the negative charge of the oxygen in water is attracted to the positive charge of a second water.

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7
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Has an affinity for water - the opposite of hydrophobic. Ex: Polar or charged substances - Food Dye

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8
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Has no affinity to water - the opposite of hydrophilic. Ex: Nonpolar substances - Oil

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9
Q

Acid

A

Donates hydrogen ions to a solution thus increasing the overall hydrogen ion concentration.

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10
Q

Base

A

Reduces the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

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11
Q

pH

A

Measures the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution. Acids lower the pH, while bases raise the pH.

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12
Q

Buffers

A

Minimizes changes in pH when acids or bases are added to the solution.

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13
Q

Solute

A

Substance being dissolved.

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14
Q

Solvent

A

Substance does the dissolving. Ex: Water is a universal solvent.

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15
Q

Solution

A

Solute dissolved in the solvent. Ex: Like substances dissolve like substances. Water dissolves Salt.

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16
Q

Surface Tension

A

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

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17
Q

Capillary Action (adhesion/cohesion)

A

The clinging of one substance to another.

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18
Q

High Specific Heat

A

How much heat it takes to change temperature of the substance.

19
Q

High Heat of Vaporization

A

Lots of heat used to break bonds, lots of heat to become gas.

20
Q

Density (ice floating)

A

Molecules move too slow & break down hydrogen. This causes less density.

21
Q

Universal Solvent

A

Versatile solvent, the polarity of the molecule.

22
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

An organic molecule consisting of only carbon & hydrogen.

23
Q

Polymer

A

A long molecule consisting of many similar/same monomers linked by covalent bonds.

24
Q

Monomer

A

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.

25
Q

Dehydration Reaction

A

The process monomers go through to build polymers.

26
Q

Hydrolysis

A

When cells take polymers and break them into monomers.

27
Q

Monosaccharide vs. Disaccharide

A

Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates, while Disaccharides are the polymers of carbohydrates.

28
Q

Starch, Cellulose & Glycogen

A

All glucose storage polysaccharides found in plants.

29
Q

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A

Saturated has only one bond between molecules, while Unsaturated has one or more bonds between molecules.

30
Q

Phospholipid

A

Lipid made of glyceride, joined to two fatty acids & a phosphate group.

31
Q

Glycosidic Linkage vs. Peptide Bond

A

Glycosidic linkages are between two monosaccharides, while Peptide bonds are between two amino acids.

32
Q

Are hydrocarbons hydrophobic or hydrpohilic?

A

Hydrophobic, as they are nonpolar due to their equal share of electrons in carbon-hydrogen bonds.

33
Q

What is a peptide?

A

A monomer of proteins.

34
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A polymer of proteins.

35
Q

What is a Nucleotide?

A

A monomer of Nucleic Acids.

36
Q

What is the main way that we recognize lipid molecules?

A

They mix poorly, if at all, with water.

37
Q

How does the structure of a triglyceride relate to its function?

A

It has multiple fatty acid units connected by ester linkage.

38
Q

What is the purpose of the Primary level of protein?

A

To assign the amino acids that act as a foundation for the rest of the structure.

39
Q

What is the purpose of the Secondary level of protein?

A

To Prepare for the 3d-folding of the Tertiary structure.

40
Q

What is the purpose of the Tertiary level of protein?

A

To give the protein structure a specific shape.

41
Q

What is the purpose of the Quaternary level of protein?

A

Allows protein to have multiple functions.

42
Q

Adhesion

A

The ability of water to stick to other substances.

43
Q

Cohesion

A

The ability of water molecules to stick to themselves.

AP Biology (5 decks)

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