Unit 3 Bio Test

Question 1

plant cell

Answer 1

contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole

Question 2

Bacterial cell

Answer 2

Enclosed by a cell wall, circular DNA, and reproduces asexually - mitosis. Despite containing DNA, does not have a nucleus.

Question 3

Prokaryotic

Answer 3

cells that do not have a nucleus

Question 4

Eukaryote

Answer 4

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Question 5

Main difference between plant cells and animal cells

Answer 5

A plant cell: has a cell wall, is an autotroph, and has chloroplasts.
An animal cell: Has centrioles, small vacuoles, and are hetertrophs.

Question 6

Hydrophobic

Answer 6

Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.

Question 7

Hydrophilic

Answer 7

Attracted to water

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Question 9

Semi-permeable

Answer 9

membranes that allow some substances through but not others

Question 10

concentration gradient

Answer 10

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.

Question 11

passive transport

Answer 11

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell (high–> low concentration) i.e. simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis.

Question 12

simple diffusion

Answer 12

movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until balanced; does NOT use enegy

Question 13

facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels from high to low;does not use energy

Question 14

Osmosis

Answer 14

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane, passing through special channels called aquapoints from high to low; does not use energy

Question 15

Solvent

Answer 15

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances i.e. water

Question 16

Solute

Answer 16

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Question 17

Isotonic

Answer 17

Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell

Question 18

Hypertonic

Answer 18

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Question 19

Hypotonic

Answer 19

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Question 20

lipid bilayer

Answer 20

double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes

Question 21

active transport

Answer 21

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference (I.e. protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis)

Question 22

protein pumps

Answer 22

pumps small molecules against concentration gradient from low to high using low energy

Question 23

Endocytosis

Answer 23

the process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell (think “in”) uses energy

Question 24

Exocytosis

Answer 24

the process by which a substance is released from a cell through a vescile (think “out”) uses energy

Question 25

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 25

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels with the concentration gradient

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 27

Protein pumps

Answer 27

energy from ATP is used to pump small molecules and ions across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient

Question 28

Endocytosis

Answer 28

A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane and brings it into the cell by way of a vessicle.

Question 29

Cell Membrane

Answer 29

Present in all types of cells; Separates cells from external environment, controls passage of organic molecules, water, oxygens, and ions

Question 30

Cytoplasm

Answer 30

Present in all types of cells; Provides structure, site of many metabolic reactions, medium in which organelles are found

Question 31

Nucleus

Answer 31

Present in all types except Prokaryotic; Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of ribosomes and protiens

Question 32

Ribosomes

Answer 32

Present in all types of cells; Protein creation/synthesis

Question 33

Mitochondria

Answer 33

Present in all types except Prokaryotic; ATP production/cellar respiration, makes cells energy

Question 34

Vesicles

Answer 34

Present in all types except Prokaryotic; Help transport materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle waste materials

Question 35

Vacuole

Answer 35

Present in all types except Prokaryotic; Animal Cells: helps holds waste products. Plant Cells: helps maintain

Question 36

Lysosome

Answer 36

Only present in Animal Cells; Waste disposal system by digestion used materials in the cytoplasm

Question 37

Cell Wall

Answer 37

Present in Bacteria cells(prokaryotic) and Plant cells; Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell shape

Question 38

Chloroplast

Answer 38

Only present in Plant cells; site of photosynthesis

Question 38

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 38

Modifies proteins and synthesizes (creates) lipids

Question 39

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 39

Modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids and proteins

Question 40

Phagocytosis

Answer 40

Type of Endocytosis, cellular eating

Question 41

Pinocytosis

Answer 41

Type of Endocytosis, cellular drinking