Unit 3 Area Of Study 2 Flashcards
Tidal Volume [TV]
How much air is inspired (breathed in) or expired (breathed out) in one breath
Respiratory Rate [RR]
The number of breaths taken in one minute
Plateau
To reach a period or level where no change is observed
Ventilatory Threshold
The point where ventilation increases at a non-linear rate
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
Cardiac Output [Q]
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute
Stroke Volume [SV]
The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat
Heart Rate [HR]
The number of times the heart beats in one minute
Systolic Blood Pressure
Pressure in the arteries following contraction of ventricles as blood is pumped out of the heart
Ventilation [V]
How much air is breathed out in one minute
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes and ventricles fill with blood
Vasoconstriction
A decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel, resulting in an decrease in blood flow to the area, supplied by the blood vessel
Vasodilation
An increase in the diameter of a blood vessel, resulting in an increase in blood flow to the area supplied by the blood vessel
Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference (a-v02 diff)
Difference in oxygen concentration in the arterioles compared with the venules
Motor Unit
A motor neuron and the muscle fibres it stimulates
Adenosine Triphosphate [ATP]
A chemical compound made up of a adenosine and three phosphate molecules
Adenosine Diphosphate [ADP]
A chemical compound made up of adenosine and two phosphate molecules
Phosphocreatine [PC]
A chemical fuel (also called creations phosphate or CP) consisting of a bound phosphate and creative molecule
Lactate Inflection Point [LIP]
The exercise intensity beyond which lactate production exceeds removal, sometimes referred to as the lactate threshold
Venous Return
The rate of blood flow back to the heart. Normally limits cardiac output. Increase in Cardiac Output means increase in Venous Return. Uses muscle pump, respiratory pump and venoconstriction.
Oxygen Consumption
The amount of oxygen taken in and used by the body per minute
Blood Pressure
The pressure of blood in the circulatory system
Temperature
During exercise there is an increase in the rate of metabolism required to produce ATP in the muscle.
Heat is the by-product of the process of converting energy (fuel) to mechanical energy (movement).
An increase in the rate of reactions is accompanied by an increase in heat production, which causes body temperature to increase also.
Redistribution of blood flow
The redirection of blood away from areas where it is not needed during exercise(e.g. Spleen, Kidney)to areas where it is needed (e.g. Working Muscles)
Fast Twitch Fibres
Fast speed of contraction, strong, anaerobic, fatigue quickly
Slow twitch Fibres
Slower contraction speed, aerobic, weaker, less fatigue
Cori Cycle
Converts Lactate back to glucose
Oxidative Enzymes
Aerobic enzymes, speed up aerobic breakdown of fuels
Glycolotic Enzymes
Breaks up glycogen to create glucose for transportation into the blood, anaerobic
Glycogen/Glucose
Glycogen - The group of glucose which is to large to transport through the blood
Glucose - Individual pieces that are broken down from glycogen to transport through the blood
Blood Cell make up
35% Blood cells (99% RBC/1%WBC)
65% Plasma
VO2 Max
The maximum rate at which the heart, lungs and muscles can effectively use oxygen during exercise.
Cardiovascular Changes
Cardiac Output
Blood Pressure
Redistribution Of Blood Flow
Acute Muscular Changes
Temperature
Lactate
Motor Unit Recruitment
Acute Respiratory Responses
Ventilation
Diffusion
Ventilatory Threshold
