Unit 3: Applied Approaches and Ideas Flashcards
Focuses on the unconscious mind, which contains our repressed ideas, emotions, and memories
Psychoanalysis
Ideas, desires, and emotions we may not be aware of
Unconscious Thoughts
Ideas, desires, and emotions we are aware of
Conscious Thoughts
The influence of unconscious thoughts on conscious thoughts and behavior
Unconscious Motivation
The free-flowing, uncensored talking that will provide clues to unconscious efforts
Free Association
Utilized because Freud believed dreams are the purest forms of free association
Dream Interpretation
Unintentionally revealed unconscious thoughts or desires
Freudian Slips
He lets patients talk freely about their experiences and dreams
Sigmund Freud
Exposed above the iceberg
Conscious Mind
Contains anything that an individual could readily pull into their conscious awareness
Preconscious Mind
Submerged deep in the waters
Unconscious Mind
Contains our biological desires; operates on the pleasure principle
Id
Balances instinctual urges and moral rules; operates on the reality principle
Ego
Represents our moral codes or conscience
Superego
What a person feels when the id and superego clash
Anxiety
Processes that the individual uses to protect themself from anxiety
Defense Mechanisms
Assumes that individuals make decisions by considering the costs, benefits, and risks
Rational Choice Theory (RCT)
Theorized that individuals choose based on what is good for them
Adam Smith
A dilemma wherein the resources are scarce
Tragedy of the Commons
Two suspects are separated in two interrogation rooms with the options of betraying each other or remaining silent
The Prisoner’s Dilemma
Other formal structures that govern a field of action (Rojas, 2018)
Institutions
Understanding society through institutions
Institutionalism
A German sociologist and historian; according to him, institutions become a tradition as more people follow it
Max Weber
Made through a series of explicit social interactions
Formal Institutions
Repeated actions that become recognized by an individual; these actions become a part of one’s identity when repeated consistently
Habits
Habits shared within a group; integrate a social aspect in an individual’s habits
Customs
Procedures agreed upon by society
Conventions
Widely implied understandings of how to behave in society; no explicit law or doctrine but still generally followed
Informal Situations
Socially or culturally prescribed characteristics, behaviors, and interests appropriate for women and men
Gender
Expectations of what is appropriate behavior for women and men
Gender Roles
Awareness of women’s oppression; collective action against gender inequality
Feminism (Bhasin and Khan, 1986)
Gender inequalities are rooted in social and cultural attitudes
Liberal Feminism
Women can only be liberated by overthrowing the patriarchal system
Radical Feminism
Focuses on the oppression of nonwhite women
Black Feminism
Questions the very notion of gender
Postmodern Feminism
The study of experiences; considers reality as subjective
Phenomenology
The study of interpretation; discovery of meaning through interpretation of words that describe the experience
Hermeneutics
Philosopher and mathematician who established the school of phenomenology
Edmund Husserl
Philosopher who conceptualized hermeneutics
Hans-Georg Gadamer
Used in qualitative research to explore and understand the meaning of experience
Social Science Context
Awareness of the researcher on the preconceptions and biases from social norms, religion, and ethical codes
First Phase: Removal of Preconceptions
The elimination of everything that limits us from perceiving things w/o any presuppositions
Husserl’s Epoche
Collecting accounts from various sources
Second Phase: Collecting Lived Experiences
Help researchers find the relationship between living and thinking, the situation in memory, and the reflection taking place (Van Manen, 2003)
Anecdote Collection
Gathering the subject’s experience of the object or phenomenon being studied (Elida and Guillen, 2018)
Interviews and Observations
Grasping the meaning of the phenomenon we are studying to create a richer understanding of our object of study
Third Phase: Reflecting on the Experiences Gathered
Fourth phase of the hermeneutic phenomenological method
Writing and Discussing the Reflection of the Lived Experience
A framework that views society as part of a symbiotic system between people and the environment
Human-Environment Systems
Two entities that affect each other, either positively or negatively
Symbiosis
Emphasizes how environmental issues are connected to other important aspects of society
DPSIR Model
Trends in the economy, culture, and people’s lifestyles that can affect the environment
Drivers/Driving Forces
The emissions or wastes created as a result of the drivers
Pressures
A particular element or aspect of the environment
State
Large-scale effects due to the changes in the state of the environment
Impacts
The actions that people take in order to address the impacts, drivers, and pressures that affect the environment
Responses
